Background & Aims: Serum progesterone level (as early as 4 weeks gestation) reflects the relation between embryo and corpus luteum. The purpose of the present study was to compare serum progesterone level on day 14 after embryo transfer among 3 groups of patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles; normal pregnancy (viable intrauterine pregnancy), abnormal pregnancy (misc...

INTRODUCTION Transvaginal sonography and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing are cornerstones of modern clinical practice in cases with the suspected ectopic pregnancy. In unclear cases, if the level of hCG is above the discriminatory zones, the use of uterine curettage is recommended.There is an increasing concern that strict observation of the guidelines would potentially harm otherwis...

Over the past two to three decades, pelvic ultrasonography and measurements of the serum concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) [Table 1] have become mainstays in the diagnosis and management of early pregnancy problems. These tests, which allow earlier detection of pregnancy and more accurate diagnosis of its complications than were previously possible, have revolutionized the man...

introduction since abdominal pregnancies are mostly complicated, they are usually managed by laparotomy, but laparoscopy is an alternative method which some surgeons perform instead of laparotomy; especially in advanced pregnancy. case presentation we reported a 31 year old woman with last menstrual period of 18 weeks who had supra pubic pain and vaginal bleeding. after sonographic evaluations,...

Implantation, trophoblast development and placentation are crucial processes in the establishment and development of normal pregnancy. Abnormalities of these processes can lead to pregnancy complications known as the great obstetrical syndromes: preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal demise, premature prelabor rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and recurrent pregnancy loss. Ther...

background: recurrent abortion is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. we aimed to determine the relationship between male sperm parameters and hypo-osmotic swelling score and recurrent abortion. we also studied whether washing of spermatozoa and intrauterine insemination in patients with recurrent miscarriage and low score hypo-osmotic swelling test in male partners could imp...

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine injection of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) before embryo transfer (ET). Materials and Methods: In this randomized placebocontrolled clinical trial, a total number of 182 infertile patients undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) were randomly assigned to receive 250 μg i...

background: intrauterine insemination (iui) is one of the most appropriate and cost-effective methods in infertility treatment. objective: we aimed to investigate effect of vaginal misoprostol on pregnancy rate after iui. materials and methods: two hundred and ten infertile women who were referred to infertility clinic of alzahra hospital by an indication of iui during 2012-2013 were randomly a...

OBJECTIVES The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) discriminatory level-the maternal serum β-hCG level above which a gestational sac should be consistently visible on sonography in a normal pregnancy--has been reported to be 1000 to 2000 mIU/mL for transvaginal sonography. We assessed whether a woman with a β-hCG above 2000 mIU/mL and no intrauterine fluid collection on transvaginal sonography c...