Pathogen-driven balancing selection determines the richness of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Changes in the pathogen spectrum may cause corresponding changes in HLA loci. Approximately 700 years ago, a Mongolian population moved from the north of China to the Yunnan region in the south of China. The pathogen spectrum in the south of China differs from that in the north. In this study, ...

the accumulation and composition of berry anthocyanin was measured in vitis vinifera l. cv. yatomi rosa using various light qualities provided by polyethylene films (red, orange, green, blue, and white). the anthocyanin has been enhanced significantly by blue light filter film and suppressed by red, orange, and green films compared to white film (control), which suggests that yatomi rosa has ad...

The genome sequence of Southern tomato virus in asymptomatic Solanum lycopersicum 'Sweet Hearts' (STV-Florida) in Florida was assembled from small RNAs sequenced by Illumina RNA-seq. The STV-Florida genome shared 99.0 to 99.9% similarity with full genome sequences from Bangladesh, China, Mexico, and the United States (Mississippi and North Carolina).

Wei Wei,*,† Liding Chen,† Lei Yang,† F. Fred Samadani,‡ and Ge Sun †State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China ‡Environmental and Water Resources Management Consultant, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, ...

BACKGROUND The South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project is designed to channel fresh water from the Yangtze River north to more industrialized parts of China. An important question is whether future climate change and dispersal via the SNWD may synergistically favor a northward expansion of species involved in hosting and transmitting schistosomiasis in China, specifically the intermediate...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that usually develops around the ostium of the Eustachian tube in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx (Sham et al. 1990). This disease was initially reported in 1901 and characterized clinically in 1922 (Wei et al. 2005). NPC is a disease with a remarkable geographic and racial distribution worldwide. This is a rare human maligna...

This edited volume is devoted to the examination of the implications of the inevitable changes wrought by global change on the welfare and livelihoods of tens of millions of people who live in dryland regions. Global change is more than just climate change and the ramifications of changing trade patterns (geopolitical and economic aspects), the shift to the market economy, demographic factors (...

The Y-chromosome haplogroup N-M231 (Hg N) is distributed widely in eastern and central Asia, Siberia, as well as in eastern and northern Europe. Previous studies suggested a counterclockwise prehistoric migration of Hg N from eastern Asia to eastern and northern Europe. However, the root of this Y chromosome lineage and its detailed dispersal pattern across eastern Asia are still unclear. We an...

Nature of Work: Quercus phillyreoides A. Gray (ubame oak) is an attractive, evergreen species indigenous to Japan and China. It grows as a shrub or small tree reaching a height of 6 to 9 m (20 to 30 ft) (3). Although relatively unknown in the United States, it appears Q. phillyreoides has great potential for use in landscapes in the southern United States in addition to being well suited for ur...

This paper assesses the role of heating entitlements in generating stark air quality differences across China. During the 1950-1980 central planning period, the Chinese government established free winter heating of homes and offices as a basic right via the provision of free coal fuel for boilers. The combustion of coal in boilers is associated with the release of air pollutants, especially tot...