background: the fertility experience in iran suggests that the family planning programs had an effective role in the fertility reduction. this study aimed to specify patterns of marriage in iran and especially in a northern city of iran and to investigate the association between patterns of marriage and contraceptive use before first pregnancy and current contraceptive use. methods: in this cro...

Car-orientated modal splits represent problems for the city in economic, environmental and social terms. The implementation of policies and other measures can fail if the causes are not well recognized. Mid-sized cities in Mexico are not well-represented in studies where only the capital and other bigger cities are studied. This research aims to recognize those causes focusing on northern midsi...

This article examines the dreams and wishes of young-adult city residents regarding future ICT development, comparing its findings with two visions of ICT development offered by large-scale urban agendas, namely ‘smart cities’ and ‘ubiquitous computing.’ The article explores how the visions of ordinary city inhabitants contest or resonate with grand visions of urban future, and investigates alt...

tehran city has been subject of critical environmental challenges during the course of 20th. century namely: massive population growth, broad expansion, reduction in urban open/green spaces, increasing in energy consumption and waste production. releasing industrial wastewater into river valleys have led to considerable changes in structure of city's natural landscape. the natural structur...

Melanie J. Percy, Nauman N. Butt, Gerard M. Crotty, Mark W. Drummond, Claire Harrison, Gail L. Jones, Matthew Turner, Jonathan Wallis, and Mary Frances McMullin Department of Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Department of Haematology, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, England, UK; Regional Department of Haematology, Midland Regional Hospital at Tullamore, Tullamore...

Koji Hori1*, Kimiko Konishi1,2, Masayuki Tani3, Norihisa Akashi3, Yuka Kitajima4 and Mitsugu Hachisu5 1Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan 2Tokyo Metropolitan Tobu Medical Center for Persons WITH Developmental/Multiple Disabilities, Tokyo, Japan 3Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan 4Department of Anesthe...

Microclimate in open space affected by the urban layout and spatial forms plays an important role in the outdoor comfort, thus the outdoor activities based on the comfort sensation will directly affected by the spatial forms. An outstanding open space should satisfy different requirements of outdoor activities and create relatively comfortable place.Most studies have been conducted on the...