An iridescent virus and a microsporidium (Nosema sp.) were found infecting larvae of the biting midge Culicoides barbosai collected in Boynton Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida. Larvae were extracted from mud collected weekly during a 22-month period from March 1998 to December 1999. Virus-infected larvae were present in 4 collections made in March, April, and May 1998 and the average infection...

background: the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the nosema ceranae and nosema apis among apiaries using both spore counts and multiplex pcr and the replacement of n. apis by n. ceranae in some regions of turkey. methods: a hundred honey bee samples were collected from 99 apiaries in 11 different locations in 2011-2012 in turkey. nosema infection degree from collected sample...

Nosema diseases is known to have two infecting Apis mellifera, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Historically N. apis was known to be well established pathogen of A. mellifera. Whoever N. ceranae was frequently reported to infect the honeybees during the last decade. Both N. apis and N. ceranae are now thought to be widespread across the world. Honey bees are also found to be co-infected with bot...

Two microsporidia species have been shown to infect Apis mellifera, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. This work presents evidence that N. ceranae infection significantly suppresses the honey bee immune response, although this effect was not observed following infection with N. apis. Immune suppression would also increase susceptibility to other bee pathogens and senescence. Despite the importance...

Nosema ceranae is an emerging microsporidian parasite of European honey bees, Apis mellifera, but its distribution is not well known. Six Nosema-positive samples (determined from light microscopy of spores) of adult worker bees from Canada (two each from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island) and two from USA (Minnesota) were tested to determine Nosema species using previously-de...

Since 2006, beekeepers have reported increased losses of Apis mellifera colonies, and one factor that has been potentially implicated in these losses is the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. Since N. ceranae is a fairly recently discovered parasite, there is little knowledge of the variation in infection levels among individual workers within a colony. In this study we examined the levels of infec...

BACKGROUND Nosemosis of European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is present in bee colonies worldwide. Until recently, Nosema apis had been regarded as the causative agent of the disease, that causes heavy economic losses in apicultures. Nosema ceranae is an emerging microsporidian parasite of European honeybees, A. mellifera, but its distribution is not well known. Previously, nosemosis in honeybee...

nosema is a genus of microsporidia, which have significant negative impacts on honeybees. the aim of this study is the epidemiological evaluation and molecular characterization of nosema spices in various counties of east-azerbaijan province (northwest of iran). 387 samples were collected from colonies maintained in various counties of east-azerbaijan province. samples after preparation were...

The distribution of Nosema phyllotretae infection of Phyllotreta atra populations in Turkey is reported for the first time. In total, 48 of the 1668 beetles from 24 samples collected in five localities were infected by the parasite. Nosema infection was found in P. atra adults from only one of the five localities studied. The infection average was 2.8% and it reached 42.5% in some samples. The ...

BACKGROUND In 2010 Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), again devastated honey bee colonies in the USA, indicating that the problem is neither diminishing nor has it been resolved. Many CCD investigations, using sensitive genome-based methods, have found small RNA bee viruses and the microsporidia, Nosema apis and N. ceranae in healthy and collapsing colonies alike with no single pathogen firmly lin...