نتایج جستجو برای: nuclear reactors
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The science and engineering of materials have always been fundamental to the success of nuclear power to date. They are also the key to the successful deployment and operation of a new generation of nuclear reactor systems and their associated fuel cycles. This article reflects on some of the historical issues, the challenges still prevalent today and the requirement for significant ongoing mat...
III. 1. NUCLEAR FISSION REACTIONS ............................................................................................. 7 III. 2. NUCLEAR REACTORS ............................................................................................................. 7 III. 3. SPALLATION SOURCES ..........................................................................................................
This book provides a concise and up-to-date summary of the essential thermo-hydraulic analyses and design principles of nuclear reactors for electricity generation. Beginning with the basic nuclear physics, it leads through technical and quantitative analyses to descriptions of both the normal operation of the various modern nuclear reactor designs and the analyses of the possible departures fr...
Dear Editor-in-Chief Nuclear energy is economically feasible. Therefore, nuclear power plants produce about 16% of the world’s electricity nowadays. Calder Hall in the United Kingdom is the world’s first commercial nuclear power station in 1956 (1). In the United States, Shippingport was first operated since 1957. However, the accident like Three Mile Island and Chernobyl disaster had awakened ...
Zirconium-based alloys are used in water-cooled nuclear reactors for both nuclear fuel cladding and structural components. Under this harsh environment, the main factor limiting the service life of zirconium cladding, and hence fuel burn-up efficiency, is water corrosion. This oxidation process has recently been linked to the presence of a sub-oxide phase with well-defined composition but unkno...
KamLAND has measured the flux of nu;(e)'s from distant nuclear reactors. We find fewer nu;(e) events than expected from standard assumptions about nu;(e) propagation at the 99.95% C.L. In a 162 ton.yr exposure the ratio of the observed inverse beta-decay events to the expected number without nu;(e) disappearance is 0.611+/-0.085(stat)+/-0.041(syst) for nu;(e) energies >3.4 MeV. In the context o...
It is expected that advanced fuels be employed in the second generation of nuclear fusion reactors. Theoretical calculations show that in such a fuel, a high plasma temperature about 100 keV is a requisite for reaction rate improvement of nuclear fusion. However, creating such a temporal condition requires a more powerful driver than we have today. Here, introducing an optimal fuel configuratio...
The production of radioisotopes for use in biomedical procedures such as diagnostic imaging and/or therapeutic treatments is achieved through nuclear reactions in reactors or from charged particle bombardment in accelerators. In reactors the nuclear reactions are initiated with neutrons while in accelerators the typical charged particle reactions utilize protons although deuterons and α−particl...
The history of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) demonstrate that peaceful nuclear energy is a myth. As our January 2007 Briefing, “Civil Nuclear Power and Nuclear Weapons Proliferation”, explains promoting ‘peaceful’ nuclear power has accelerated nuclear weapons proliferation. Nuclear reactors in India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Kore...
nuclear power reactors are, in nature nonlinear and time varying. these characteristics must be considered, if large power variations occur in their working regime. in this paper a robust optimal gain scheduling controller for regulating the power of a nuclear reactor has been designed and simulated. the proposed controller is capable of regulating power levels in a wide power range (10% to 100...
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