With the discovery of ATP structure in 1929, significant progress was made understanding role nucleosides and nucleotides body. One most important breakthroughs is associated with determination function an autacoid ATP, a participant purinergic signal transmission. For first time, this pointed out by Professor Geoffrey Burnstock 1972. Purinergic signaling activators are extracellular including ...

Nucleoside analogs used in cancer chemotherapy and in treatment of virus infections are phosphorylated in cells by nucleoside and nucleotide kinases to their pharmacologically active form. The phosphorylated nucleoside analogs are incorporated into DNA and cause cell death or inhibit viral replication. Cellular DNA is replicated both in the nucleus and in the mitochondria, and nucleoside analog...

Addition of the nucleoside diphosphates CDP, UDP, TDP, and IDP to intact, respiring, rat liver mitochondria immediately following ATP formation results in a marked stimulation of respiration at all concentrations of nucleotide tested. Addition of GDP stimulates respiration when added at concentrations below 150 PM, whereas at higher concentrations this nucleotide has much less effect on respira...

in this study the uptake and metabolism of adenosine by mitochondria has been investigated. incubation of cem cells mitochondria preparation with [3h] -adenosine showed substantial uptake and metabolism of adenosine. adenosine was both anabolized to amp, adp and atp, and also catabolized to inosine. the highest concentration of metabolites in extracted mitochondria was due to amp. the mitochond...

Nucleosides and nucleoside analogs are actively transported in the human kidney. With the recent cloning of a purine-selective, Na+-dependent, nucleoside transporter (hSPNT1, also termed hCNT2) from human kidney, it is now possible to study the interaction of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs with this transport protein and gain a more detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of nucleos...

A variety of nucleoside analogs have shown carcinostatic activity. In some instances they are relatively rapidly excreted. In others they are relatively rapidly inactivated in vivo by catabolic enzymes. In both cases it appeared desirable to have nucleoside derivatives that would act as depot forms of the nucleoside analogs and would be converted in vivo to the respective nucleoside analog. Gis...