Early studies of breast cancer raised substantial concern regarding risk associated with induced abortion and miscarriage. Literature reviews suggest that study findings depend heavily on the comparison group and that the use of parous women as a reference group for nulliparous women may artificially inflate risk. To examine the individual effects of induced abortion and miscarriage on breast c...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to compare mode of delivery for both nulliparous and multiparous women at term that underwent elective induction of labor to those who arrived in spontaneous labor. METHODS Medical records of 807 deliveries were reviewed. There were 566 labor patients and 241 elective induction patients. RESULTS Women who underwent elective induction of labor were mor...

Objective: Optimal pain management during medical termination of pregnancy (TOP) remains unclear. This study aimed to suggest practical points help minimize the intensity women first trimester TOP. Methods: A retrospective observational which reviewed experience and need for analgesics 44 Asian women, who underwent Results: Nulliparous had higher scores more likely than multiparous women. Most ...

OBJECTIVES To describe the relationship between maternal age and intrapartum outcomes in 'low-risk' women; and to evaluate whether the relationship between maternal age and intrapartum interventions and adverse outcomes differs by planned place of birth. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Obstetric units (OUs), midwifery units and planned home births in England. PARTICIPANTS 63 371 ...

BACKGROUND Smoking is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has been shown to be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and to have adverse health and dose-dependent connective tissue effects. The objective of this study was to examine whether smoking during pregnancy was associated with the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) among six birthweight groups in singleton vagina...

OBJECTIVE To compare prelabour caesarean section (CS) rates in older nulliparous women with a term singleton baby in cephalic presentation conceiving spontaneously and through IVF/ICSI. When the latter women would ask for CS, how willing are gynaecologists to comply with that request? METHODS A population-based retrospective (1995-2009) cohort study, conducted in Northern Belgium. A compariso...

Two intrauterine devices (IUDs) are available in the United States, the levonorgestrel-bearing intrauterine system (Mirena) and the copper-bearing T380A (Paragard). These devices have very low typical-use failure rates but are used by only a minority of women. In particular, there is concern about their use in nulliparous women. We review the available data to address common concerns about usin...

The aim of this study was to analyze the position of the lumbopelvic region and the muscle activation of erector spinae and biceps femoris muscles in a group of pregnant women in the third trimester. The hypothesis was that pregnancy-related biomechanical and morphological changes modify the position of the lumbopelvic region and the activation of extensor muscles. The position of the lumbar sp...