In this paper I examine some of the factors influencing technology development and attempt to explain whether CLIA '88 enhances the opportunities or exacerbates the problems for U.S.-based technology development. The viewpoint I express is concentrated on the clinical chemistry segment of the diagnostics arena.

Dutch nutrient policy aims at reducing leaching of agricultural nutrients by internalizing the negative externalities associated with inefficient nutrient use. This is done by taxation of nitrogen and phosphate surpluses that exceed a hectare-based threshold of maximum-allowed surpluses. One management strategy farmers may use to reduce the nutrient surpluses on their farms is to improve the nu...

Many regulatory authorities set water quality objectives or thresholds based on nutrient concentrations to safeguard aquatic ecosystem health. But do these criteria adequately assess the biological and ecological status? Our research has been focussing on the performance of constructed wetlands for water quality improvement and ecosystem health. In this paper we present data on macroinvertebrat...

Enzymes are one of the most important biomolecules which has a wide range of applications in industrial as well as biomedical field. They are important due to their many useful properties. Their development, to a great extent, has been possible due to the availability of microbial sources. Microorganisms are of much attention because they can be produced economically and are amenable to genetic...

1 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Horticultural Research Center, P. O. Box 01000 220, Thika. 2 Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O. Box 00200-62000, Nairobi. 3 Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O. Box 00200-62000, Nairobi. 4 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Biotechnology Cen...

At the last Pig Genetics Workshop two papers described aspects of the lost potential in pig production at the commercial level. Black (2000) estimated that slower growth, reduced efficiency of feed use and fatter carcases decreased the profitability of pig enterprises by as much as 25%. Walters (2000) estimated that successful progress had been achieved in backfat reduction but that there were ...