Recently, Chang et al. proposed a security enhancement in Ku and Wang’s authenticated key agreement protocol. Two parties employ the pre-shared password to agreement a common session key via insecure network. However, in this article, we will show that Chang et al.’s scheme is suffer from the backward replay attack and the off-line password guessing attack.

phosphorus induces flowering and helps seed formation, but there is a big gap between phosphorus supply from natural sources and agriculture and industry demand. in order to investigate phosphorus feeding over long time from iran regions' apatites on rose plants characteristics, var. black magic in zeoponic culture, an experiment was conducted as factorial on the basis of completely random...

In recent years, numerous approaches have been utilized for finding the exact solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations. One such method is known as the new extended (G'/G)-expansion method and was proposed by Roshid et al. In this paper, we apply this method and achieve exact solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs), namely the Benjamin-Ono equation. It is est...

Nowadays, customer demand for order variety, short lead time, and fast delivery have created a great impact on manufacturing problems such as production scheduling, job sequencing, vehicle routing, bin-packing, and loading. The related problems of manufacturing scheduling and logistics support are even more crucial than ever. Traditional approaches are incapable of dealing with the challenges o...

Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) has received a significant amount of attention and subsequent research since it was first reported in 2005 (Bell et al., 2009; Blouin et al., 2007; Chang & Campbell, 2005; Chang et al., 2007; Oshika et al., 2007; Srinivasan et al., 2007; Takmaz & Can, 2007). Current and former uses of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor (α1AR) antagonists—most notably tamsulos...

Motivated by the recent work of Moudafi (Inverse Problem, 26 (2010), 587-600 ), Chang et al. (Appl. Math. Comput. 219, (2013), 1041610424 ), Tang Jinfang (Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, Vol. 37, (2014), 119-126 ), Wu et al. (Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2014, 2014:428 ) and Chidume et al. (J. Nonlinear Analysis and Optimization (to appear)), we investigate a Krasnoselskii-type...

We analyse a recent image authentication scheme designed by Chang et al. [Chang, C.-C., Hu, Y.-S., Lu, T.-C., 2006, A watermarkingbased image ownership and tampering authentication scheme. Pattern Recognition Letters. 27, 439-446] whose first step is based on a watermarking scheme of Maniccam and Bourbakis [Maniccam, S.S., Bourbakis, N., 2004, Lossless compression and information hiding in imag...

The Metaphire formosae species group is a member of the Pheretima complex of the family Megascolecidae. It is composed of 12 nominal taxa, Metaphire bununa Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire feijani Chang & Chen, 2004, Metaphire formosae (Michaelsen, 1922), Metaphire glareosa Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire nanaoensis Chang & Chen, 2005, Metaphire paiwanna paiwanna Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire paiwanna ...

BACKGROUND: NASALITY IN TAIWANESE • Nasal distinction is attested but restricted in Taiwanese phi55 ‘put on’ ph̃ı55 ‘take advantage of’ pi55 ‘sad’ p̃ı55 ‘side’ bi22 ‘flavor’ *b̃ı *mi mı̃55 ‘noodle’ • Previous account: especially before nasal vowels, this distinction would not be salient (Wang, 2017) – Full nasality in nasal vowels in Taiwanese (Chang et al., 2011) – Oral voiced stops lack strong bu...