A specific role for the dopamine D3 receptor in behavior has yet to be elucidated. We now report that dopamine D2/D3 agonists elicit dose-dependent yawning behavior in rats, resulting in an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. A series of experiments was directed toward the hypothesis that the induction of yawning is a D3 receptor-mediated effect, whereas the inhibition of the yawning observe...

Six new compounds with polyketide decalin ring, peaurantiogriseols A-F (1-6), along with two known compounds, aspermytin A (7), 1-propanone,3-hydroxy-1- (1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2,5-dihydroxy-1,2,6-trimethyl-1-naphthalenyl) (8), were isolated from the fermentation products of mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium aurantiogriseum 328#. Their structures were elucidated based on their structu...

The intestinal secretory actions of the proinflammatory peptide kallidin (lysyl-bradykinin) are mediated partially by enteric neurons. We hypothesized that kallidin produces neurogenic anion secretion through opioid- and cannabinoid-sensitive enteric neural pathways. Changes in short-circuit current (I(sc)) across sheets of porcine ileal mucosa-submucosa mounted in Ussing chambers were measured...

An efficient synthesis of the 1-hydroxy-2-(prop-2'-enyl)9-anthrone is described. Selective nitration of anthraquinone, reduction to the corresponding amine, diazotization and treatment by sulfuric acid solution afforded the 1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone in good yield as the key intermediate. Reaction with allyl bromide/K2CO3 and subsequent selective reduction accompanie...

A homo-chiral synthesis of (7R,8aS)-octahydro-5,5-dimethylindolizin-7-amine 8 and (7S, 8aS)-octahydro-5,5-dimethylindolizin-7-ol 9, amine building blocks which have found applications within the pharmaceutical industry, is presented. The approach uses a Novozym 435-mediated kinetic resolution of racemic octahydroindolizine (indolizidine) alcohol 13 as a key step (up to 100 g scale).