Deforestation is a serious environmental problem in the OIC countries. From 1990 to 2016 based on 2019 Environment Report data, compared other groups outside OIC, deforestation rate reached >10% average, which was much higher. The focus of this study examines effect economic growth, agricultural land, and trade openness moderated by population density deforestation. This uses quantitative ap...

Two new ent-kauren-19-oic acid derivatives, ent-14S*-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid and ent-14S*,17–dihydroxykaur-15-en-19-oic acid together with eleven known compounds entkaur-16-en-19-oic acid, ent-kaur-16-en-19-al, ent-12β-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid, ent12β-acetoxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid, 8R,13R-epoxylabd-14-ene, eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6αdiol, (–)-7-epivaleran-4-one, germacra-4(15),5E, 10(14)-...

In this paper we will investigate the “Ought implies Can” (OIC) thesis. We will concentrate on explanations and interpretations of OIC, clarifying its uses and relevance. The OIC thesis is relevant to debates that ranges from semantics and pragmatics to legal philosophy, deontic logic and the philosophy of action and mind. We state the different theses that have been proposed concerning OIC and...

BACKGROUND Opioids are effective for acute and chronic pain conditions, but their use is associated with often difficult-to-manage constipation and other gastrointestinal (GI) effects due to effects on peripheral μ-opioid receptors in the gut. The mechanism of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) differs from that of functional constipation (FC), and OIC may not respond as well to most first-line ...

BACKGROUND Labdane-type diterpenes induce lower blood pressure via relaxation of vascular smooth muscle; however, there are no studies describing the effects of labdanes in hypertensive rats. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the cardiovascular actions of the labdane-type diterpene ent-3-acetoxy-labda-8(17), 13-dien-15-oic acid (labda-15-oic acid) in two-kidney 1 clip (2...

BACKGROUND Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can be a debilitating side effect of opioid therapy and may result in increased medical costs. The published data on the economic burden of OIC among long-term opioid users are limited. OBJECTIVE To assess the economic burden of OIC in patients with noncancer pain in a managed care population in the United States. METHODS This retrospective study...

This study investigates factors affecting tourism demands in Selected OIC Countries for the period of 2004 to 2016. The economic variables used in this study are tourist receipts, GDP per capita, real exchange rate, population, Trade openness and Consumer Price Index. GLS method is applied in the research model in order to investigate the relationship between tourist receipts, GDP per capita, r...

abstract this study uses gravity model to examine the most important determinants of was agricultural trade. to this aim, import and export statistics of iran agricultural products for the period 1380 to 1387 was provided from iran customs organization and other information was obtained from different internet bases. random effects estimating and hausman test ratio result in fixed effects model...

One of the basic tenets in recent international trade literature is about the effect of trade integration on business cycle synchronization (BCS) among trading countries. The objective of this paper is to explore the main determinants of business cycle synchronization, with emphasis on trade integration. To this end, we have specified two simultaneous regression equations which were estimated b...

Cell suspension cultures from hypocotyl-derived callus of Hyssopus officinalis were found to produce two sterols i. e. beta-sitosterol (1) and stigmasterol (2), as well as several known pentacyclic triterpenes with an oleanene and ursene skeleton. The triterpenes were identified as oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxyurs...