Blending helps extend the range of application of oils and fats. This is because most natural oils and fats have limited applications in their original form. Natural oils and fats may need to be modified to suit a particular product formulation. Blending is the simplest method used to modify oils and fats. From the palm fruits, a wide range of products can be derived including palm oil, palm ol...

Abstract The peculiar characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) may have corresponding effects on polymer mono composites and hybrid when used as filler in matrices. This review paper relates (PKS), palm kernel shell-mono composites, shell terms identification, sampling, analysis. purpose was to establish the properties shells their documented by various researchers a one-stop-shop document fo...

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), which has received much interest in its use and further development for industrial applications, is a method that offers some advantages over conventional methods, especially for the palm oil industry. SC-CO₂ refers to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) that uses carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a solvent which is a nontoxic, inexpensive, nonflammable, and nonpoll...

Hybrid composites are characterized by a variety of properties that are of interest to automotive applications, including strength, mechanical, and thermal properties. In this work, palm kernel shell-filled maleated polypropylene composites and palm kernel shell/nanosilica-filled maleated polypropylene hybrid composites were produced using a Brabender Internal Mixer. The results showed that the...

Quaternized palm kernel shell was successfully prepared by reacting with N-(3-chloro-2hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride in basic condition. Adsorption experiments of Reactive Red E (RRE) dye were carried out in single batch system studied at various initial concentration, contact time and pH at 25°C. It was found that at pH 4 quaternized palm kernel shell showed the highest dye removal p...

Biomass derived fuels are preferred as alternative fuels for IC engine due to its abundant availability and renewable nature. In the present work, the complete replacement of diesel fuel with bio-fuels is studied, where the bio-fuels, namely, methyl ester of palm kernel oil and eucalyptus oil were chosen and used as fuel in the form of blends. Various proportions of palm kernel oil and eucalypt...

Fatty acids esters were produced from two Nigerian lauric oils, palm kernel oil and coconut oil, by transesterification of the oils with different alcohols using PS30 lipase as a catalyst. In the conversion of palm kernel oil to alkyl esters (biodiesel), ethanol gave the highest conversion of 72%, t-butanol 62%, 1-butanol 42%, n-propanol 42% and iso-propanol 24%, while only 15% methyl ester was...

A total of 113 samples of various types of palm and palm kernel oil products, their fractions, palm-based and non-palm-based cooking oils obtained from local manufacturers and the retail market were analysed for their trans-fatty acid compositions and contents by capillary gas chromatography. Trans-fatty acids were generally absent in crude palm and palm kernel oils. However, they were present ...

The waste agriculture materials cause environment pollution, recycle of these materials help sustainable development. This study focused on the impact of used oil palm shell ash on the compressive and flexural strengths of cement mortar. Two different cement mortar mixes have been designed to investigate the impact of oil palm shell ash on strengths of cement mortar. Quantity of 4% oil palm she...