purpose: to compare post-operative pain with cooling photorefractive keratectomy (prk) versus conventional prk. methods: a prospective clinical trial was performed on 94 eyes from 47 patients scheduled for prk. patients were randomly assigned to either cooling or conventional prk. pain was evaluated 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours post-operation using a visual analogue scale (vas). corneal haze, conjunc...

Background & Aims: Post operative pain is cause of suffering in most patients and can cause a lot of problems. Analgesic effects of many narcotics have been widely studied. In this study, the effects of methadone and morphine on postoperative pain scale following thoracic surgery in opium addict patients were assessed. Methods: In this clinical trial and double blind study, sixty opium addict p...

background: pain in infancy is a developmental process. due to the underdeveloped pain pathways in the spinal cord, the threshold of stimulation and sensation of pain is low at birth and has potential impacts on increasing the central effects of pain. primary trauma during infancy can cause long term changes in structure and function of pain pathways that continue until adulthood. lack of pain ...

objective: to compare the efficacy of intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of lidocaine and normal saline in relieving postoperative pain after elective abdominal hysterectomy. materials and methods: for this double-blind randomized controlled study 109 patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated to three groups :1) iv group (intravenous injection group) rec...