background increasing evidence indicates that opiate users and methadone maintenance patients (mmps) are impaired in executive control tasks and response inhibition behavior compared to healthy individuals; however, the cognitive functional difference between opiate addicts and mmps has not been clarified. objectives this study employed go/no-go tasks to evaluate the response inhibition behavio...

AIMS To describe important non-biological factors which influence the course of opiate addiction. METHOD Studies were reviewed that present empirical results on the long-term course of opiate addiction, progress of opiate addicts during and after treatment, variables that predict remission and abstinence, comparisons of treated and untreated samples, and recovery from opiate addiction without...

Escape from the extremely stressful opiate withdrawal syndrome may motivate opiate seeking and taking. The corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 (CRF1) pathway mediates behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Here, we report that genetic inactivation (CRF1-/-) as well as pharmacological antagonism of the CRF/CRF1 receptor pathway increased and prolonged the somatic expression of opiat...

OBJECTIVE Adolescent-onset exposure to highly addictive substances such as opiates may induce far-reaching deleterious effects on later mental and physical health. However, little is known about the neurodevelopmental basis for adolescent-onset opiate dependence. Here we examined whether having an abnormally large cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), a putative marker of limbic structural maldevelopm...

objectives: according to the gateway drug theory, tobacco use is a predisposing factor for future substance abuse. this study was conducted to compare nicotine and opiate dependents to identify the differences between their personality traits and psychopathology that makes them turn to other substances after cigarette smoking. methods: a causal-comparative study was conducted. three groups were...

medical toxicology is somehow a neglected field of medicine. support for this discipline is necessary as there are many competing interests within a nation's public health priorities (1). in the previous issue of the asia pacific journal of medical toxicology, the essentials of the empowerment of medical toxicology in the asia pacific region have been discussed (2). perhaps, there is now an urg...

This thesis comprises studies on opiate overdose death, and focuses on evaluation of toxicological characteristics including the possible influence of abstinence and polydrug use for the fatal outcome. In order to identify and classify drug abusers, a screening method for several drugs of abuse was developed and applied on randomly selected autopsy cases. Out of 75 cases, 26 positive results we...

background illicit opiate use has an increasing incidence and prevalence, which increases mortality and morbidity, marginalization, and criminal behaviors, and causes major adverse effects on society. objectives this study aimed to investigate and follow the outcome of patients who underwent ultrarapid opiate detoxification (urod) prospectively. patients and methods in this randomized clinical ...

Purpose. The objective of this study was to document the number of controlled substance prescriptions filled by adolescents and young adult patients in the 2 years prior to presentation for opiate dependence treatment. Methods. Opiate-dependent youth (N = 125) presenting to our Medication-Assisted Treatment for Addiction program from January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2010 were identified via electron...

noradrenaline release.8.9 While clonidine and the opiates have similar effects on the locus coeruleus, clonidine appears to exert specific effects through non-opiate, alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. 6, These data suggested that the opiate-withdrawal syndrome is due to increased noradrenergic neuronal activity in areas such as the locus coeruleus which are regulated both by alpha-2 adrenergic and ...