A chip-scale optical source with integrated beam steering is demonstrated. The chip was fabricated using the hybrid silicon platform and incorporates an on-chip laser, waveguide splitter, amplifiers, phase modulators, and surface gratings to comprise an optical phased array with beam steering across a 12° field of view in one axis. Tuning of the phased array is used to achieve 1.8°(steered axis...

The holographic optical switches are three-dimensional devices, having the characteristics of flexibility and compactness. The procedure to realize a 4×4 active splitter and active combiner network with holographic optical switches is discussed in detail. After optimum design, the unique features of compactness and flexibility of holographic optical switches not only significantly saves space o...

In this paper an optical beam splitter based on an equilateral triangle waveguide (ETW) is studied theoretically and numerically. We show that an optical beam splitter bases on ETW formed only when the length of the waveguide and the location of incident light are appropriate. When the length of the ETW is one third of the selfimaging length, the incident light is divided into three identical a...

We study self-collimation and beam splitting in low-refractive-index photonic crystals created within chalcogenide glass. We propose a beam splitter structure that allows direct experimental verification of photonic-crystal effects at optical wavelengths in a straightforward and definitive manner. The beam splitter provides angular separation of 90 using a highly compact spatial footprint, thus...

We derive a lower limit to the amount of absorptive loss present in passive linear optical devices such as a beam splitter. We choose a particularly simple beam splitter geometry, a single planar slab surrounded by vacuum, which already reveals the important features of the theory. It is shown that, using general causality requirements and statistical arguments, the lower bound depends on the f...

A beam splitter is a basic linear optical element appearing in many optics experiments and is frequently used as a continuous-variable entangler transforming a pair of input modes from a separable Gaussian state into an entangled state. However, a beam splitter is a passive operation that can create entanglement from Gaussian states only under certain conditions. One such condition is that the ...

Based on the total internal reflection (TIR) under second Bragg incidence angle, polarization-independent two-port beam splitter grating etched in fused silica is described for the usual duty cycle of 0.5. There are three diffraction orders in the reflection: –2nd order, –1st order, and 0th order. The grating depth and period are optimized using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) in orde...

We report on the first experimental demonstration of purification of nonclassical continous variable states. The protocol uses two copies of phase-diffused states overlapped on a beam splitter and provides Gaussified, less mixed states with the degree of squeezing improved. The protocol uses only linear optical devices such as beam splitters and homodyne detection, thereby proving these optical...