Introduction: The conversion matrix [1–3], connecting the optical intensity and phase variations at the output of an optical device with their corresponding input values, has been found useful in analysing laser and amplifier noise in analogue optical links and for computing the RF transfer function of various hybrid RF=optical systems. Previous works assumed the optical devices to be character...

The optical transfer function (OTF), as an objective measure of the quality of optical and electro-optical systems, is closely related to the point spread function (PSF) and other derived characteristics, such as the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the phase transfer function (PTF). The paper focused to the use a generalized OTF, which is primarily dedicated to the description of linear ...

We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a Sagnac interferometer can threshold the energies of pulses. Pulses below a given threshold T are suppressed, while those above this threshold are normalized. The device contains an in-loop tunable isolator and 10.4 m of a highly doped silica fiber. We derive an analytical model of the nonlinear optical loop mirror's pulse e...

In fluorescence mode confocal microscopes, only 0.02% of emitted signal can be detected in best case. So, we proposed reflecting optical system to increase signal intensity detected in photon detector. In this paper, we evaluate the proposed reflecting optical system using optical transfer function. To evaluate the proposed system, we used the modeling method based on wave optics. We first calc...

Three-dimensional (3D) transfer functions build the basis for a comprehensive characterization of optical imaging systems in spatial frequency domain. Utilizing projection-slice theorem, 2D modulation function an incoherent system can be derived from 3D by integration with respect to axial frequency. For diffraction limited microscope homogeneous pupil illumination, equals autocorrelation circu...