in this paper the effects of transmittance, dispersion angle and diffusion length on the quantum efficiency of solar cells (qesc) have been simulated and investigated. optical path technic is used for simulation. the results show that base thickness, diffusion length, dispersion angle, number of optical confinement path and transmission angles have an extremely effects on the qesc. simulation r...

Spreading depression (SD) was analyzed in hippocampal and neocortical brain slices by imaging intrinsic optical signals in combination with either simultaneous electrophysiological recordings or imaging of intracellular calcium dynamics. The goal was to determine the roles of intracellular calcium (Ca2+int) waves in the generation and propagation of SD. Imaging of intrinsic optical signals in t...

Instrumentation is described that has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the measurement of regular re ̄ectance and transmittance over the 2±25 mm wavelength region. This includes both specialized accessories used with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers and laser-based systems for high optical density transmittance measurements. The FT...

SnO2 nanocrystalline thinfilms were prepared by spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates at 375, 400, 425, 450 and 500oC. Structural, optical and electrical properties of these films were studied by XRD, UVVisible and Four-probe methods. The change in electrical conductivity, band gap and optical transmittance was found to be a function of the change in lattice parameters ∆a and ∆c. The sampl...

Cadmium oxide thin films were fabricated on glass substrates by a simplified and low cost spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures. The X-ray diffraction study showed that irrespective of substrate temperature all the films exhibits a preferential orientation along the (1 1 1) plane. The values of crystallite size were found to be in the range 20.72 – 29.6 nm. The perce...

We have used aqueous dispersions of silver nanowires to prepare thin, flexible, transparent, conducting films. The nanowires are of length and diameter close to 6.5 μm and 85 nm, respectively. At low thickness, the films consist of networks but appear to become bulk-like for mean film thicknesses above ∼160 nm. These films can be very transparent with optical transmittance reaching as high as 9...

Zn0.97TM0.03O (TM = Co, Fe) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by the sol–gel method and the effects of transition metals substitution on structural and optical properties of ZnO films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the films have wurtzite structure. Optical transmittance of the films was recorded in the range of 200 -800 nm wave length and the band...

We investigated the cause of optical transmittance degradation in tapered fibers. Degradation commences immediately after fabrication and it eventually reduces the transmittance to almost zero. It is a major problem that limits applications of tapered fibers. We systematically investigated the effect of the dust-particle density and the humidity on the degradation dynamics. The results clearly ...