abstract shortage and improper distribution of rainfall in tea growing period are important growth limiting factors in tea fields in northern part of iran. if there is not any other limited factors, supplemental irrigation by sprinkler can increase tea yield. this study was carried out in order to investigate the optimum sprinkler irrigation interval on yield and water use efficiency of tea. th...

Weather-related risks can substantially affect the crop volume depending on time and intensity of agricultural operations performed by the farmer. However, decisions under uncertainty are in some way also liable to another risk – that of excessively optimistic or pessimistic estimation of the decision maker. The paper presents results of optimistic and pessimistic farmer’s agricultural operatio...

AHP is proposed to give the importance grade with respect to many items. The comparison value that is the element of a comparison matirx is used to be crisp, however, it is easy for a decision maker to give it as an interval. The interval comparison values can reflect uncertainty due to human judgement. In this paper, the interval importance grade is obatained from an interval comparison matrix...

As we know, in evaluating of DMUs some of them might be efficient, so ranking of them have a high significant. One of the ranking methods is cross-efficiency. Cross efficiency evaluation in data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a commonly used skill for ranking decision making units (DMUs). Since, many studies ignore the intra-organizational communication and consider DMUs as a black box. For sign...

In this paper, two basic Distributed Coordination of Exploration and Exploitation algorithms, Static Estimation Optimistic K1 and Static Estimation Optimistic K2, were implemented and tested against standard isolated traffic actuated signals through simulation on a microscopic traffic simulator. The simple pilot exploratory experiment demonstrates how Naïve, Optimistic agent-based models were a...

In this paper, we consider a kind of bilevel linear programming problem where the coefficients of both objective functions are fuzzy random variables. The purpose of this paper is to develop a computational method for obtaining optimistic Stackelberg solutions to such a problem. Based on a level sets of fuzzy random variables, we first transform the fuzzy random bilevel programming problem into...

Optimistic replication of data is becoming increasingly popular in mobile environments, but its pelformance and scaling characteristics are not well understood. This paper presents a simulation evaluation of optimistic replicated filing in a mobile environment. We first compare full and selective optimistic replication systems to capture the properties required for scaling. We then show that th...