abstract spacing between check dams depends on the stream bed slope, effective height of check dams and slope of deposited sediments behind the check dams. the slope of deposited sediments is more important than the other two factors because of complications in the way of its occurrence and its measurement after several years of dam construction. this research presents the effective factors aff...

3135 S. State St. Suite 108 Ann Arbor MI 48108 Phone: 734-761-1956 Fax: 734-761-9855 Email: [email protected] Optimum fin spacing for fan-cooled heat sinks

Grillages are widely used in various structures. In this research, the Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) and Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO) algorithms are used to obtain the optimum design of irregular grillage systems. The purpose of this research is to minimize the weight of the structure while satisfying the design constraints. The design variables are considered to be the c...

This study is a continuation of our previous work. In this experiment, transparent tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) fork electrodes with different width and spacing were coated on the glass substrates. The used dust particle size was smaller than 180 mesh. The effects of the electrode width, the electrode spacing, voltage, frequency, waveform, and the duty ratio on the dust removal efficiency were ...

Under conditions of limited fixed-nitrogen, some filamentous cyanobacteria develop a regular pattern of heterocyst cells that fix nitrogen for the remaining vegetative cells. We examine three different heterocyst placement strategies by quantitatively modelling filament growth while varying both external fixed-nitrogen and leakage from the filament. We find that there is an optimum heterocyst f...

This research was performed to investigate the behavior of strip footing on geosynthetic reinforced sandy soil and to study the effect of different parameters contributing to their performance using laboratory model tests. The parameters investigated in the study included top layer spacing (u), width of reinforcement (b), vertical spacing between layers (s) and number of reinforcement layers (N...

Moderately priced oscilloscopes available for the NIF power sensors and target diagnostics have 6 GHz bandwidths at 20-25 Gsamples/s (40 ps sample spacing). Some NIF experiments require cross timing between instruments be determined with accuracy better than 30 ps. A simple analysis algorithm for Gaussian-like pulses such as the 100-ps-wide NIF timing fiducial can achieve single-event cross-tim...

We analyze the first-order design of light sources consisting of multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to uniformly illuminate a near target plane by considering each single LED as an imperfect Lambertian emitter. Simple approximate equations and formulas are derived for the optimum LED-to-LED spacing, i.e., the optimum packaging density, of several array configurations to achieve uniform near-...

 A brass Vortex Tube (VT) with interchangeable parts is used to determine the optimum cold end orifice diameter, main tube length and diameter. Experim...