Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and perioral tissues is challenging. Even though epidemiology may be of some help in orientating the clinician and even though some lesions may confidently be diagnosed on clinical grounds alone, the definitive diagnosis usually requires histopathologic evaluation. Oral pigmentation can be physiological or pathological, and exogenous or endogeno...

IN 1921 Peutz described a family with intestinal polyposis and spots of melanin pigmentation in and around the mouth. Prior to this, in 1896, Sir Jonathan Hutchinson described two girls with pigmented patches in the oral mucosa and around the mouth. Later, Parkes Weber (1919) reported that one of these twins died of what appeared to be an intussusception. Since 1921 over one hundred cases have ...

The presence of melanocytes in the oral epithelium is a well-established fact, but their physiological functions are not well defined. Melanin provides protection from environmental stressors such as ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species; and melanocytes function as stress-sensors having the capacity both to react to and to produce a variety of microenvironmental cytokines and growt...

Oral postinflammatory pigmentation (OPP) is a discoloration of the oral mucosa caused by an excess of melanin production and deposition within the basal layer of the epithelium and connective tissue of areas affected by chronic inflammation. Therefore, it is mandatory to demonstrate the association with a previous or concomitant inflammatory process in the same area of oral mucosa. Clinically O...

The pigmentation of oral soft tissues is predominantly an aesthetic problem because lifestyle, media, and social influences impact people's perception beauty, which in turn affects their self-esteem as well relationships. melanin the gingiva has become a real concern Gulf region, especially for younger people females, who seek solutions to remove pigmentation. caused by can be removed surgi...

Statement of Problem: Physiologic pigmentation of oral mucosa is considered as a prevalent entity among black people and those having relatively dark skin. Gingival physiologic pigmentation may cause problems for some patients specially ladies as far as esthetics is concerned. To overcome the issue, the surgery might be suggested which can cause some problems due to its side effects. Cryotherap...

BACKGROUND Oral mucosal pigmentation is among the most common findings in smokers, affecting smile esthetics. Passive smoking significantly compromises the health of non-smoker individuals particularly women. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of passive smoking with oral pigmentation in non-smoker women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This historical-cohort study was conducted o...

It might be difficult to diagnose pigmented lesions of the mouth and perioral regions. Although several may correctly identified on basis clinical findings alone while epidemiology helpful in guiding clinician, histological examination is typically necessary for final diagnosis. Oral hyperpigmentation present exogenously/ endogenously; pathologically/physiologically. The differential diagnosis ...

introduction: diode laser irradiation has recently shown promising results for treatment of gingival pigmentation. this study sought to compare the efficacy of 2 diode laser irradiation protocols for treatment of gingival pigmentations, namely the conventional method and the sieve method. methods: in this split-mouth clinical trial, 15 patients with gingival pigmentation were selected and their...