Heterogeneous pyritaceous-polymetallic and copper-zinc-pyrrhotine deposits on the South slope of the Greater Caucasus are located in the Lower-Middle Jurassic terrigenous sediments. They were formed under a wide variation of physico-chemical parameters of mineral formation and are characterized by specific mineralogical-geochemical peculiarities. Ore-formation occurred in three stages. In the f...

In grinding practice, heterogeneous poli-mineral systems are more common than homogeneous mono-mineral system. The heterogeneity of raw materials in mineral beneficiation circuit results by virtue the varying properties constituents an ore. Therefore, main objective this investigation is to study effect preheating on grindability quartz as a ore, and nepheline syenite one. 2n Factorial method w...

This study proposes a new method to quantitatively represent the uncertainty existing in open pit optimization results due to variations in mineral prices. After generating multiple mineral prices using Monte Carlo simulation with data on past mineral prices, a probability model that represents the uncertainty was developed by integrating multiple open pit optimization results derived from the ...

Comminution tests are an important element in the proper design of ore beneficiation plants. In the past, test work has been conducted for particular representative reference samples. Within geometallurgy the entire ore body is explored in order to further identify the variation within the resource and to establish spatial geometallurgical domains that show the differential response to mineral ...

Heap leaching accounts for a fifth of global copper production, sourced primarily from porphyry ores, yet metal recoveries are often not optimal. Gangue, and its interaction with acid, plays an important role in such processes. Thus, a proper understanding of gangue minerals present in the ore, their textural relationships relative to particle size distribution, reactivity with acid under diffe...

Monazite [(Ce,Th)PO4] from the Llallagua tin ore deposit in Bolivia is characterized by low radiogenic element contents. Previously reported field evidence and mineral associations suggest the mineral formed via direct precipitation from hydrothermal fluids. Monazite compositions thus may provide insight into characteristics of the fluids from which it formed. Chemical compositions of three Lla...

Mining in its broadest sense is the process of obtaining useful minerals from the earth’s crust. A mineral is generally defined as any natural accruing substance of definite chemical composition and consistent physical properties. An ore is a mineral or combination of minerals from which a useful substance, such gold, can be extracted and marketed at a price that will recover the costs of minin...