Results of three semi-continuous anaerobic tests were reported and discussed. Each test was carried out by two parallel anaerobic reactors fed with waste activated sludge, either as it was sampled from the sewage treatment plant of Rome North or previously disintegrated by ultra-sound treatment. Activated sludge was sonicated at the energy input of 5,000 or 2,500 kJ kg(-1) dry solids correspond...

For assessment of organic matter input into the soil system information on the elements of primary production by overlying vegetation is quiet essential. Hence the primary objective in this study was to investigate the primary production and organic matter input into the study sites and to estimate the organic matter. Total below ground and above ground ratio was 4.68:1 and 4.94:1 in organic an...

among the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. this article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most strategic products, namely maize, in iran. to achieve this goal, panel data for the nine provinces of iran's major producers of ma...

Here we report the production of highly thermal stable and functional cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibrils (CNF) by hydrolysis using concentrated organic acids. Due to their low water solubility, these solid organic acids can be easily recovered after hydrolysis reactions through crystallization at a lower or ambient temperature. When dicarboxylic acids were used, the resultant CNC surf...

field experiments were conducted at the rice research institute (mazandaran province) using randomized complete block designs in two fields of different levels of organic carbon (low and medium) during two cropping years. the treatments were repeated in three replicates and while seven nitrogen levels (urea-n input) 0, 23, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg n per ha employed. results indicated that opt...

The prospect of biofuel production on a large scale has focused attention on energy efficiencies associated with different agricultural systems and production goals. We used 17 years of detailed data on agricultural practices and yields to calculate an energy balance for different cropping systems under both food and fuel scenarios. We compared four grain and one forage systems in the U.S. Midw...