The Australian sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) and the sheep body louse (Bovicola ovis) have both demonstrated their propensity to develop resistance to insecticides used for their control. Most populations of L. cuprina contain individuals resistant to organochlorines and organophosphates. Some are also resistant to benzoylphenyl ureas. Many populations of B. ovis are resistant to pyrethroid i...

Organophosphates constitute environmentally hazardous molecules that are commonly used in agriculture and various industries as chemical warfare agents. They extremely stable compounds with a half-life of up to thousands years. Because the lack protection against their harmful activities environment, recently intensive efforts have been made design synthetic for hydrolytic degradation. These in...

Owing to the threat of organophosphate exposures, not only to pesticides but also to nerve agents, it is very important to know the whole process of organophosphates-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) reactivation. Although current antidotes against organophosphorus intoxications consist also of prophylactics, AChE reactivators are still needed especially in the case of intoxicat...

An evaluation of the toxic effects of three organophosphates; monocrotophos, dimethoate and methyl parathion on female reproduction was made by biochemical estimations of cytoplasmic and membrance bound proteins, lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol in the rat ovaries after treatment with their low residual level doses (LD50 1/8-1/5) to three groups of six rats each for 90 days. All the three ...

background: the use of organophosphates (ops) in developing countries is rising in large quantities and non-secure methods. this problem not only causes acute poisoning but also may lead to chronic diseases such as polyneuropathy. in iran, 60% of pesticides are organophosphate compounds that may lead to delayed polyneuropathy. objectives: the purpose of the current study was to evaluate delayed...

The uptake of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) by an Arthrobacter sp. which can utilize this herbicide as its sole source of phosphorus was investigated. Orthophosphate suppressed the expression of the uptake system for glyphosate and also competed with glyphosate for uptake. The K(m) for glyphosate uptake was 125 muM, and the K(i) for orthophosphate was 24 muM. Organophosphonates as wel...

In Belize, Central America, many farms surrounding the Protected Areas of the Maya Mountains rely heavily on the application of agrochemicals. The purpose of this study was to test whether orographic drift of glyphosate and organophosphates into the nearby Maya Mountain Protected Areas occurred by collecting phytotelmic water from seven sites over 3 years. Regardless of location within the Maya...

AIMS To examine the possibility that monocyte esterase deficiency (MED) could be caused by exposure to organophosphates. METHODS Pseudocholinesterase, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured in the serum and acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in the red cells of a group of monocyte esterase deficient subjects and compared with the enzyme activities of a control group of ...