Route flap damping (RFD) plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the Internet routing system. It functions by suppressing routes that persistently flap. Several existing algorithms address the issue of identifying and penalizing route flaps. In this paper, we compare three such algorithms: original RFD, selective RFD, and RFD+. We implement these algorithms in ns-2 and evaluate ...

The Bush Hawk XP, which is produced by Found Aircraft of Canada, is a small, piston-engined utility transport aircraft suitable for bushplane operations. The original version was made in the 1960s, and it uses a sealed, plain hinged flap. In the latest production version the gross weight is increased substantially, necessitating an improved flap design to achieve better airfield distances and c...

Introduction: It is important to preserve epithelial and connective tissue attachment at its original level after periapical surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal parameters after using the papilla base flap and the sulcular full-thickness flap procedures. Methods: Fourteen healthy patients with no periodontal disease referred for surgical treatment of periapical lesions...

Reconstruction of large, complex defects of the abdominal wall after resection of malignant tumors can be challenging. The transfer of an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a feasible and effective option. However, no report has been published on the use of ALT flap after metachronous colonic tumor resection so far. We present an original case of resection of metachronous carcinoma of rectum wit...

BACKGROUND When the required dimension of skin paddle of a pectoralis major musculocutaneous (PMMC) flap is very small, its survival often becomes questionable. We introduce a simple technique which enlarges the practical dimension of a very small skin paddle, leading to ensure the survival of a PMMC flap. METHOD AND RESULT A PMMC flap size of 1.5 × 4 cm was required for repair of leakage whi...

BACKGROUND Local flaps are widely used in reconstructive surgery. Tri-lobed skin flap is a relatively new flap and there has been no experimental model of this flap. This flap can be used for repair of full thickness defects in the face, ears and alar region. Based on the size of ears in a rabbit, we designed a model of ear reconstruction using expanded tri-lobed flap. Local flaps are more adva...

1 Sir: T homodigital island flap can be used to cover small soft-tissue defects. Many authors1,2 have described the technical steps with regard to the elevation of this island flap and have discussed the importance of preserving the adipofascial tissue around the digital artery. This approach avoids problems with venous congestion and thus flap loss. In Lai’s2 original description of the revers...

BACKGROUND: Dermatologic surgeons routinely harvest pedicled flaps at distance with an axial or random pattern to repair facial defects. These types of skin flaps are time-consuming and have high economic, social and personal costs. These drawbacks could be avoided with the introduction of a single-step transfer of free flaps to the recipient site, with microvascular anastomosis. OBJECTIVE: To ...