This paper presents findings from the All Wales Hate Crime Project. Most hate crime research has focused on discrete victim types in isolation. For the first time, internationally, this paper examines the psychological and physical impacts of hate crime across seven victim types drawing on quantitative and qualitative data. It contributes to the hate crime debate in two significant ways: (1) it...

Four experiments tested the hypothesis that people distance themselves from others who display characteristics they fear in themselves. In Study 1, participants were given false feedback that they were high or low in repressed anger and were given information about a person who became angry and responded in a violent or nonviolent manner. High anger feedback participants distanced themselves on...

according to the famous theory in iranian jurisprudence, civil liability of the vehicle keepers against third party is on the res ipsa loquitor, duty of care, or risk, or a combination of them. regarding to these foundations, if a vehicle keeper has not a policy of insurance covering third party damage, he or she must compensate the damage although has not caused the accident. this was inferenc...

Rely-guarantee is a well-established approach to reasoning about concurrent programs that use parallel composition. However, parallel composition is not how concurrency is structured in real systems. Instead, threads are started by ‘fork’ and collected with ‘join’ commands. This style of concurrency cannot be reasoned about using rely-guarantee, as the life-time of a thread can be scoped dynami...