This issue brief focuses on the impact of recent budget shortfalls that many states are experiencing after several years of strong revenue growth. It describes the structure and sources of state revenues and spending and the causes of the recent shortfall. It also summarizes the fiscal trends and federal policies that could result in significant budget shortfalls in the future. Speakers at the ...

data envelopment analysis (dea) has been applied in many studies in the banking industry but deficiency of empirical studies in iranian banking sector that incorporate time factor into the efficiency, have still remained. previous studies measured the efficiency of bank branches in a single period within cross-sectional data. they did not consider the effect of interconnecting activities (links...

The role of banks in regional as well as in national economic fluctuations has been the subject of renewed interest in recent years. With what seems like amazing prescience, Bernanke and Blinder (1988) recently revived the theoretical literature on the role of bank credit typically associated with Brunner and Meltzer (1972). The trickle of empirical papers written before the 1990s that focused ...

BACKGROUND The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is provided to over 100 million neonates annually to protect against childhood tuberculosis (TB). Recent BCG manufacturing interruptions highlight global supply risks. We estimated the potential impact of BCG shortfalls on global paediatric (<15 years) TB mortality. METHODS A static mathematical model was employed to estimate the number of...

Cancer is considered as one of the deadliest diseases in the medical field. Apart from the preventive therapies, it is important to find a curative measure which holds no loopholes and acts accurately and precisely to curb cancer. Over the past few decades, there have been advances in this field and there are many antitumor compounds available on the market, which are of natural as well as synt...

The ability of voters to monitor government officials is complicated by the large changes in government spending caused by the business cycle. Voters may be uncertain about the cumulative effect of changes in spending that occur over several years, and thus budget allocations may be different from voters’ ideal. For the years 1989 through 2006, we examine states’ responses to revenue shocks, wh...

In this article, we first generalize the Conditional Auto-Regressive Expected Shortfall (CARES) model by introducing loss exceedances of all (other) listed companies in related to each firm, thus proposing CARES-X (where ‘X’, as usual, stands for eXtended case large-dimensional problems). Second, construct a regularized network US financial Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator estima...