BACKGROUND Low testosterone (T), whether due to ovarian and/or adrenal insufficiency, usually results in poor follicle maturation at small growing follicle stages. The consequence is a phenotype of low functional ovarian reserve (LFOR), characterized by poor granulosa cell mass, low anti-Müllerian hormone and estradiol but rising follicle stimulating hormone. Such hypoandrogenism can be of ovar...

Primary ovarian insufficiency or premature menopause is one of the stressful problems in women younger than 40, which may cause numerous early or late psychological and physical complications. Failure of germ cell development is associated with complete ovarian insufficiency, while their decreased number is more likely associated with partial ovarian insufficiency, which leads to secondary amen...

From the Integrative Reproductive Medi­ cine Unit, Intramural Research Program on Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health and Hu­ man Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Address reprint requests to Dr. Nelson at the Integrative Reproductive Medicine Unit, NICHD– Intramural Research Program on Repro­ ductive and Adult Endocrinology, CRC, Rm....

Resistant ovary syndrome (ROS) is a presentation of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism condition with very low incidence. Infertility is one of the most common complaints of women with this syndrome. We herein present a case of a 27-year-old woman with all features of secondary amenorrhea and secondary sexual characteristics. In 2018, the patient was referred to the Hazret-e-Zeinab Infertility Cen...

Primary ovarian insufficiency is a condition that represents impaired ovarian function on a continuum with intermittent ovulation. This condition commonly leads to premature menopause, defined as cessation of ovulation prior to the age of 40 years. Because there are potential immediate and long-term consequences of hypoestrogenism, a timely diagnosis is invaluable. This comprehensive review wil...

OBJECTIVE To highlight a natural approach to coexisting oligomenorrhea, subfertility, luteal phase insufficiency and multiple fibroids cohesively when in vitro fertilisation (IVF) has failed. CASE PRESENTATION A 43-year-old woman with diminished ovarian reserve and multiple uterine fibroids had previously been advised to discontinue IVF treatment. According to Chinese Medicine diagnosis, herb...

Receiving the diagnosis of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) can be emotionally difficult and confusing for young girls and their families. Parents need assistance in knowing how to help their daughters understand and live with the diagnosis in a way that allows for healthy growth and development. This paper provides a starting point for parents and clinicians with "Tips and Tools for Talking...