The determination of liquefaction potential is required to take into account a large number of parameters, which creates a complex nonlinear structure of the liquefaction phenomenon. The conventional methods rely on simple statistical and empirical relations or charts. However, they cannot characterise these complexities. Genetic algorithms are suited to solve these types of problems. A genetic...

In this study, the seismic interaction of surface foundations and underground cavities was investigated. For this purpose, a parametric study of geometric dimensions of the foundation and cavity, their location, and the effect of the interaction between surface foundations and underground cavities was evaluated. The variable parameters include the ratio of the overburden height to the foundatio...

The Idaho Transportation Department (ITD) commissioned a geophysical study to aid in the design of a replacement for an existing concrete span bridge. Because the river current was too swift to place geophones in the river, the solution was to shoot p-wave profiles in a reciprocal geometry (phones on land, shots in the river). In addition to the refraction work, a down-hole seismic profile was ...

Plants regularly experience suboptimal environments, but this can be particularly acute on highly-disturbed mine sites. Two North American willows—Salix discolor Muhl. (DIS) and S. eriocephala Michx. (ERI)—were established in common-garden field tests on two adjacent coal mine spoil sites: one with high clay content, the other with shale overburden. The high clay content site had 44% less produ...

Due to rapidly growing energy needs and the resultant rise in the use of coal to meet them, exploration and exploitation of coal resources has seen exponential growth. Global concerns about the environmental impact of coal exploitation have led to an increasing shift to open-cast mining of coal, in place of the traditional deep-pit mining. This has led to search for a suitable method of handlin...

In 1960, Trusheim described three evolutionary stages of salt movement (pillow, diapir, and postdiapir) recorded in adjacent sediments by three types of peripheral sinks (primary, secondary, and tertiary). Assuming that overburden rocks were viscous, Trusheim interpreted such evolutionary stages as typical of buoyant Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. We use mechanical reasoning and physical models...

With the increase of physical antenna and subcarrier numbers in MIMO-OFDM systems, channel side information feedback amount and signal precoding complexity overburden will consume much more system resource, even become intolerable. To solve this problem, previous works mainly focused on fixed subcarrier grouping size and precoded MIMO signals in the same group with unitary channel state informa...

Standard model-based redatuming techniques consist in applying time shifts to the surface data, to simulate an acquisition made at depth. The time shifts are computed using prior knowledge of the overburden, such as a macro velocity model. These techniques allow focusing of the direct waves at the new datum, but the focus can be degraded because of surface multiples and internal multiples in th...

We describe a new short cut strategy to image the sediments and salt edge around a salt flank through an overburden salt canopy. We demonstrate its performance and capabilities on a synthetic acoustic seismic data from a Gulf of Mexico (GOM) style model. In this strategy, we first redatum the surface shots from a walk away Vertical Seismic Profile (WVSP) survey to be as if the source and receiv...