The phonological feature [±stress] distinguishes between strong pronouns (which are capitalized here and henceforth) and others. The semantic feature [±animate] distinguishes between what I call unstressed pronouns and weak pronouns (cf. Cardinaletti & Starke (1996)). The phonological feature [±reduced] distinguishes between weak pronouns and reduced pronouns; the only reduced pronoun in Standa...

In this paper, I give an account, in terms of centering theory [GJW86], of some phenomena of pronominalization in Italian, in particular the use of the null or the overt pronoun in subject position. After a general introduction to the Italian pronominal system, I will review centering, and then show how the original rules given in [GJW86] have to be extended or modified. Finally, I will show th...

Pronoun interpretation in English has been demonstrated to be sensitive to an interaction between grammatical and pragmatically-driven factors. This study investigated the interpretation of pronouns in Japanese, which has both null and overt forms. Thirty-two native speakers of Japanese participated in a passage completion experiment with transfer-of-possession contexts, varying prompt type, as...

Abstract In Italian, null pronouns are typically interpreted toward antecedents in a prominent syntactic position, whereas overt prefer lower positions. Interpretation preferences Spanish less clear. While comprehension and production have never been systematically compared Italian Spanish, here we look at the for overt- null-subject two languages using same materials. Using an offline task wit...

This research investigated the Repeated Name Penalty (RNP) and the Overt Pronoun Penalty (OPP) in Japanese. The RNP was first reported by Gordon, Grosz and Gilliom (1993), who observed that English sentences with repeated name subject anaphors were read slower than sentences with overt pronoun subjects when the antecedents were either the grammatical subject or the first-mentioned surface-initi...

In this paper, we focus on cases where Japanese speakers overtly express a topic phrase that could have been omitted. We call this phenomenon anti-zero-pronominalization and hypothesize that this helps speakers gain time for planning a following utterance; anti-zero-pronominalization is another option to deal with cognitive load at the beginning of an utterance in addition to fillers and other ...

In this paper, we discuss how to identify three important features by our empirical observation gender and number features of antecedent as well as grammatical role of personal pronoun, which have no overt mark in Chinese. Only a tagger with extended POS set and some special word-lists are used. Finally, We describe an implemented prototypical system to resolve personal pronouns. Evaluation sho...

We found o direct relationship between voriotion in informants’ grommoticality intuitions about pronoun coreference and variation in the same informants’ use of a clause segmentation strategy during sentence perception. It hos been proproposed that ‘c-command’, a structural principle defined in terms of constituent dominance relations, constrains within-sentence coreference between pronouns and...

A signi cant source of di culty in language learning is the presumed \incompleteness" of the overt information available to a language learner, termed here an `overt form', when they hear an utterance. The complete structural description assigned to an utterance by linguistic analysis includes representational elements not directly apparent in the overt form, but which play a critical role in l...

In two experiments we investigated the comprehension of pronoun forms in Chamorro, a verb-initial Austronesian language that does not distinguish morphologically between reflexive anaphors and pronominals. Experiment 1, on object pronouns, found comprehenders had preference for interpretations despite fact form was marked as reflexive. 2, possessor this much weaker. We conclude when morphologic...