Loomis & Lipmann (1948) showed that low concentrations of 2:4-dinitrophenol (DNP) reversibly uncouple the phosphorylation associated with the oxidation of glutamate. This supported the hypothesis that agents such as DNP, which prevent the use of the energy provided by respiration and glycolysis, do so by inhibiting the formation of highenergy phosphate bonds (Lardy & Elvehjem, 1945; McElroy, 19...

1. A study has been made of the oxygen consumption of kidney homogenates in relation to the ADP concentration as regulated by the cell-membrane adenosine triphosphatase. Stimulation of this enzymic activity by Na+ and K+ caused parallel increases in oxygen consumption and ADP concentration. Similarly, inhibition with ouabain caused a parallel fall. The membrane adenosine triphosphatase concerne...

Using principles developed by Kacser and Burns ((1973) in Rate Control of Biological Processes (Davies, D. D., ed) pp. 65-104, Cambridge University Press, London) and Heinrich and Rapoport ((1974) Eur. J. Biochem. 42, 97-105), inhibitor titration studies were carried out in order to quantify the amount of control (control strength) exerted by different steps in oxidative phosphorylation on the ...

Mitochondrial function is a key determinant of both excitability and viability of neurons. Here, we demonstrate seizure-dependent changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the epileptic rat hippocampus. The intense pathological neuronal activity in pilocarpine-treated rats exhibiting spontaneous seizures resulted in a selective decline of the activities of NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase (c...

The state of lipid peroxidation (LPO), respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) antiradical activity rat liver mitochondria in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes condition were studied, considered the ways correction detected membrane damages with use gossitan, isolated from cotton plant Gossypium hirsutum L. It was shown that rate states V...

Beef heart mitochondria and submitochondrial particles have been used to measure parameters of oxidative phosphorylation with respect to varying concentrations of potassium and valinomycin. In’ the absence of valinomycin, intact mitochondria showed little response to potassium. The presence of valinomycin caused the following response of intact mitochondria to increasing potassium concentration...

Oxidative phosphorylation in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles with a right-side-out orientation and loaded with ADP was investigated. Substrates of the electron transport chain could energize the phosphorylation of ADP, with the order of effectiveness being D-lactate greater than reduced phenazinemethosulfate greater than succinate greater than reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Inhib...

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a polyphagous pest in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean Europe. Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are the cell signaling molecules produced in response to insect attack in plants. The effect of these signaling molecules was investigated on the oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress of H. armigera. SA significantly inhibited the sta...

Abstract Macrophages are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis, and their dysfunction or depletion is tied to many human diseases, including autoimmunity, obesity, cancer. Activated macrophages modify cellular metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation, drive diverse functions. Many processes occur the mitochondria, metabolite production, reactive oxygen species (...

Top-down control and elasticity analysis was conducted on mitochondria isolated from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) to assess how temperature affects oxidative phosphorylation in a eurythermic ectotherm. Oxygen consumption and protonmotive force (measured as membrane potential in the presence of nigericin) were monitored at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C. State 4 respiration displ...