Abstract A non-violent position drawn from the Anabaptist tradition (‘two-kingdom dualism’) is contrasted with Christian pacifism which that commonly conflated. It argued two-kingdom dualism more effectively leverages philosophical and practical features of its particularly character than does – these may have implications beyond philosophy religion.

Anti-abortion violence (‘AAV’) is anathema to almost everyone, on all sides of the abortion debate. Yet, as this article aims show, it far more difficult than has previously been recognised avoid deeply unpalatable conclusion that can sometimes be justified. Some most frequently-occupied positions morality will imply precisely conclusion, I argue, unless conjoined with an especially stringent a...