concentration in healthy subjects (n=10, ROI analysis, onesample t-test, uncorrected, p<0.001). Figure 1: Average olfactory activation at all 4 lavender concentrations in healthy subjects (n=10, one-sample t-test, familywise correction, p<0.05). Figure 2: Olfactory activation difference between two sequential runs of the same stimulation paradigm in healthy subjects (n=10, paired t-test, uncorr...

This study aims to describe the impact of online mentoring activities in implementing RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create) learning model on competence elementary school teachers training students’ critical thinking skills. The method was a pre-experiment with one-group pretest-posttest design involving 25 Indonesia. received model. research instrument questionnaire measure teache...

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD berbantuan video terhadap hasil belajar tematik integrafif pada peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Karangpelem 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. Penelitian merupakan kuantitatif dengan metode pre-eksperimen, desain one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam seluruh yang berjumlah 34 didik. Teknik pengambilan...

The R function t.test() can be used to perform both one and two sample t-tests on vectors of data. The function contains a variety of options and can be called as follows: > t.test(x, y = NULL, alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), mu = 0, paired = FALSE, var.equal = FALSE, conf.level = 0.95) Here x is a numeric vector of data values and y is an optional numeric vector of data values...

Permutation tests based on previously developed statistics are proposed for the case of mixed paired and two-sample designs. Different weighting schemes previous explored to understand strengths weaknesses each test. A simulation study compares power Type I error rates new with those developed. Rank-based generally performed as well or better than parametric statistics, particularly nonnormal d...

In order to circumvent the influence of correlation in paired-samples and repeated measures experimental designs, researchers typically perform a one-sample Student t test on difference scores. That procedure entails some loss of power, because it employs N – 1 degrees of freedom instead of the 2N – 2 degrees of freedom of the independent-samples t test. In the case of non-normal distributions,...

109 retrieved after testing and subjected to threepoint bending (Figure 1B) and pull-out tests (Figure 1C) to elucidate differences in relevant performance characteristics. One-tailed paired student’s t-tests were used to evaluate the injuries applied to the specimens. For all other tests in this study, two-tailed, two-sample, equal variance t-tests were used with significance levels set at p=0...