Purpose Insufficient accommodative response is assumed to result in myopia progression. We have investigated if the accommodative lag in myopes is different between a single vision lens (SVL) and the progressive addition lens PAL 2, clinically trialled for its ability to reduce progression of myopia, and if there exist differences in accommodative lag between PAL 2 and other PALs with the same ...

Precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) was introduced by the food industry to help manage and communicate the possibility of reaction from the unintended presence of allergens in foods. However, in its current form, PAL is counterproductive for consumers with food allergies. This review aims to summarize the perspectives of all the key stakeholders (including clinicians, patients, food industry...

In his seminal work [Plaza, 1989], Plaza proposed the public announcement logic (PAL), which is considered as the pilot logic in the field of dynamic epistemic logic. In the same paper, Plaza also introduced an interesting “know-value” operator Kv and listed a few valid formulas of PAL+Kv. However, it is unknown that whether these formulas, on top of the axioms for PAL, completely axiomatize PA...

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) are key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The relative expression of PAL and C3H was evaluated in mango fruit cultivar 'Ataulfo' in four ripening stages (RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, enzyme activity of PAL and C3H was determined in mango fruits during ripening. The PAL ...

Adequate energy intake in adolescent athletes is considered important. Total energy expenditure (TEE) can be calculated from resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity level (PAL). However, validated PAL recommendations are available for adult athletes only. Purpose was to comprise physical activity data in adolescent athletes and to establish PAL recommendations for this population...

Platelets stimulated with thrombin release an inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PAl). which has been shown previously to be neutralized by activated protein C (APC). The requirements for optimal neutralization of PAl activity were investigated. The releasate of gel-filtered human platelets stimulated with thrombin served as a source of PAl. When 6 x i08 platelets/mi were incubated with thromb...

To study the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAl) on fibrinolysis it is essential to be able to specifically measure these proteins in plasma. To this end PAl-i was purified from cortisol-stimulated HT 1 080 fibrosarcoma cells and antisera raised in rabbits. The immunologic relationship of the purified inhibitor to PAl-i in plasma and platelet extracts was established by immunoblott...

PAL is a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein found in the cell membranes of many Gramnegative bacteria. The presence of PAL has been demonstrated in Escherichia coli and many bacteria. In this paper, we show the presence of a gene coding for a PAL-like protein in C. vinosum, a photosynthetic bacteria and the partial sequence of the PAL gene.