A biomechanical in vitro study was performed on 16 fresh frozen cadaver forearms to investigate the role of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) in carpal stability. The distance between the scaphoid and hamate was measured, as a reference for the length of the TCL. Distances were recorded in both loaded and unloaded conditions after gradual sectioning of the transverse carpal ligament, the pal...

The TFCC consists of triangular fibrocartilage (TFC), meniscus homologue, ulnolunate ligament, ulnotriquetral ligament, radioulnar ligament, and sheath floor of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). The TFCC functions as a stabilizer of the ulnocarpal and DRU joints, load distributor between ulna and ulnar carpus and introduces smooth forearm rotation. The TFCC is a hammock-like shape supporting an...

Introduction: The pectoralis minor muscle originates from third to fifth ribs of the chest wall and inserts at the medial side of the coracoid process of Scapula. It contributes to the abduction of the scapulothoracic joint and downward movement of the shoulder. The anomalous insertion of pectoralis minor beyond the coracoid process is known since the 19th century. Aim of the study: To report ...

BACKGROUND Palmaris longus, being the most variable muscle of the upper extremity is generally considered important morphologically rather than functionally. The palmar aponeurosis represents the distal part of the tendon of Palmaris longus. CASE DETAILS We report here a unique case of palmaris longus presenting variation distally as its tendon divides to gain multiple attachments with the fa...

Tendon and ligaments have poor healing capacity and when injured often require surgical intervention. Tissue replacement via autografts and allografts are non-ideal strategies that can lead to future problems. As an alternative, scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies are being pursued. In this review, we describe design considerations and major recent advancements of scaffolds for tendon/...

avulsion injury of the flexor digitorum profundus (fdp) with concomitant fracture of the distal phalanx dorsal base is uncommon. simultaneous avulsion fractures of the insertion of this tendon associated with rupture of the tendon from the bony fragment and combination with dorsal base fracture is very rare and also complicated. a 36- year- old man fell and injured his right little finger. fdp ...

Neglected patella tendon ruptures require reconstruction using tendon grafts. The LARS ligament has been successfully used in cruciate and collateral knee ligament reconstruction. We present a technique using LARS ligament for the reconstruction of a chronic patella tendon rupture in a low-demand patient. The result after 1-year follow-up was deemed successful.

Avulsion injury of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) with concomitant fracture of the distal phalanx dorsal base is uncommon. Simultaneous avulsion fractures of the insertion of this tendon associated with rupture of the tendon from the bony fragment and combination with dorsal base fracture is very rare and also complicated. A 36- year- old man fell and injured his right little finger. FDP ...

In five fresh human cadaver wrist joints six carpal ligaments and seven carpal bones were marked with small, radio-opaque pellets. Using a roentgenstereophotogrammetric measuring system, the ligamentous length changes and the kinematics of carpal bones were determined in different flexion and deviation positions of the hand. The data generated by this method differ significantly from lengthenin...

BACKGROUND The individual biomechanical strength properties of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteofibular ligament, and popliteus tendon have not been well elucidated by previous studies. To define the necessary strength requirements for a posterolateral knee reconstruction, these properties for the main individual structures of the posterolateral knee need to be defined. HYPOTHESIS The...