Objective Spike foci in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) are related to seizure semiologies, but this relationship is inconspicuous in Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS). We analyzed spike-associated high-frequency activity (HFA) and its relationship to spike foci in the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of patients with BECTS and PS in order to elucidate the pathophysiology of these ep...

Paediatric epileptic syndromes are easily identified by the classical seizure semiologies and the electrical signatures of these epilepsies. However some of the less discussed entities can cause diagnostic confusion by their bizarre manifestations. One such scenario is that of a child presenting with ictal vomiting with or without autonomic manifestations. This intriguing epileptic phenomenolog...

We describe herein a patient with Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) showing an atypical course. The patient initially had seizures typical of this syndrome from 3 to 5 years of age. EEG showed right occipital high-amplitude sharp and slow-wave complexes followed by brief generalized discharges of slow waves. Sequential EEGs obtained from 5 to 11 years of age showed both multifocal discharges and ge...

A big advance in epileptology has been the recognition of syndromes with distinct aetiology, clinical and EEG features, treatment and prognosis. A prime and common example of this is rolandic epilepsy that is well known by the general paediatricians for over 50 years, thus allowing a precise diagnosis that predicts an excellent prognosis. However, rolandic is not the only benign childhood epile...

A 6-year-old girl suddenly developed a loss of conciousness episode with head deviation to the left, generalized hypertonia, and clonic movements when waking up. Then, she presented vomit and bladder sphincter incontinence. Therefore, the Panayiotopoulos syndrome was suspected. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal. The electroencephalography (EEG) performed after 48 hours of the ep...