Since the first detailed description of the parathyroid glands, reported in human beings by Sandstrom in 1880, and Lever first described the ultrastructure of the parathyroid chief cells of rat in 1957, a large number of histological and ultrastructural studies have been done on the parathyroid glands of numerous animal species under normal and experimental conditions. The biological function o...

Introduction: Although co-occurring thyroid pathologies are common in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, synchronous parathyroid and differentiated thyroid carcinoma is a rare situation. Case: A 65-year-old woman presented to our endocrinology clinic for evaluation of hypercalcemia. She had an albumin-corrected serum calcium (Ca) concentration of 12.4 mg/dl (normal, 8.6-10 mg/dl), serum...

Lipoadenoma of parathyroid gland is an unusual morphologic variant of parathyroid adenoma in which the glandular elements are associated with abundant mature adipose tissue. The lesion has also been reported as parathyroid lipohyperplasia, parathyroid hamartoma, and parathyroid adenoma with myxoid stroma. Most cases are functioning and are associated with hyperparathyroidism. Lipoadenoma of par...

OBJECTIVE Thyroidectomy is the most common cause of hypocalcemia. Preservation of parathyroid glands in situ is essential in preventing this complication. The aims of our study were to review patients who underwent parathyroid gland autotransplantation during thyroidectomy, and to compare hypocalcemia rates in patients with and without autotransplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Parathyroid gla...

Two cases of periparathyroid salivary gland heterotopia are described. A review of the records of the Department of Pathology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, over a 4-year period, identified 759 surgical specimens containing parathyroid gland tissue. Of these, 2 (0.26%) contained foci of ectopic salivary gland tissue. Both cases were associated with cyst formation. To date, 9 additional cas...

Several reports have been published on electron microscopic study of the parathyroid glands. Trier 1l described the fine structure of the parathyroid gland of the macaque monkey, Lever 2l 3l and Davis and Enders 'l made electron microscopic studies of the rat parathyroid under both normal and experimentally stimulated conditions, while Lange 5l and Holzmann and Lange 61 examined human parathyro...

Chen, Randolph A., and William G. Goodman.Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in parathyroid gland physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 286: F1005–F1011, 2004; 10.1152/ajprenal.00013.2004.—The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) represents the molecular mechanism by which parathyroid cells detect changes in blood ionized calcium concentration and modulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion to m...

BACKGROUND Postoperative hypoparathyroidism remains the most common complication following thyroidectomy. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative parathyroid gland angiography in predicting normal parathyroid gland function after thyroid surgery. METHODS Angiography with the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) was performed in patients undergoing total thyroi...

It has long been held that the parathyroid glands and parathyroid hormone evolved with the emergence of the tetrapods, reflecting a need for new controls on calcium homeostasis in terrestrial, rather than aquatic, environments. Developmentally, the parathyroid gland is derived from the pharyngeal pouch endoderm, and studies in mice have shown that its formation is under the control of a key reg...

this paper is a statistical and analytical review of endocrine glands disorders, seen in the department of pathology, tehran university medical school, and is based on approximately 40,000 surgical specimens and 2,500 autopsy cases. of 42,500 combined routine surgical and autopsy cases reviewed, we had 2,556 cases of endocrine disorders of which there: thyroid 1,125 cases, ovary 970, testis 268...