The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) facilitates DNA repair, and is, therefore, an attractive target for anticancer chemo- and radio-potentiation. Novel benzimidazole-4-carboxamides (BZ1-6) and tricyclic lactam indoles (TI1-5) with PARP-1 K(i) values of <10 nM have been identified. Whole cell PARP-1 inhibition, intrinsic cell growth inhibition, and chemopotentiation of the cy...

Abstract DNA molecules are subject to various lesions that can be detrimental the cells. damage response (DDR) pathways encompass a variety of mechanisms cells employ in damage. While DDR promotes genomic stability normal cells, it also protects cancer from lesions, particularly against exogenous DNA‐damaging agents. Therefore, exploited account for resistance chemotherapy and radiotherapy have...

The use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors has recently increased as a result demonstrating their superior efficacy compared to traditional chemotherapy in various cancer subtypes many preclinical studies and clinical trials. A better understanding the molecular mechanisms PARP underlying foci that can be used screening markers for potential new therapeutic options would aid rati...

Severe hypoglycemia causes neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Evidence suggests that hypoglycemic neuronal death involves excitotoxicity and DNA damage. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) normally functions in DNA repair, but promotes cell death when extensively activated by DNA damage. Cortical neuron cultures were subjected to glucose deprivation to assess the role of PARP-1 in hypo...

Recent findings indicate that a major mechanism by which poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors kill cancer cells is by trapping PARP1 and PARP2 to the sites of DNA damage. The PARP enzyme-inhibitor complex "locks" onto damaged DNA and prevents DNA repair, replication, and transcription, leading to cell death. Several clinical-stage PARP inhibitors, including veliparib, rucaparib, olapar...

Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant pediatric bone tumor with a poor prognosis for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. Ewing's sarcoma cells are acutely hypersensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition and this is being evaluated in clinical trials, although the mechanism of hypersensitivity has not been directly addressed. PARP inhibitors have efficacy in tumors with BRCA...

The poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) catalyse the transfer of ADP-ribose units from the substrate NAD(+) to acceptor proteins, biosynthesising polyanionic poly(ADP-ribose) polymers. A major isoform, PARP-1, has been the target for design of inhibitors for over twenty-five years. Inhibitors of the activity of PARP-1 have been claimed to have applications in the treatment of many disease state...

The enzyme poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) catalyzes the formation of (ADP)-ribose polymers on a variety of protein acceptors in a NAD+ -dependent manner. While PARP-1 is activated by DNA damage and plays a critical role in cellular survival mechanisms, its overactivation leads to a depletion of NAD+/ATP energy stores and ultimately to necrotic cell death. Due to...

Polyadenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) lends a panoramic view to the inner mystery of protection of integrity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in a cell genome. They are a balancing part of an even more dynamic equilibrium of normalcy against daily assaults. PARP finds its companion candidates in other tumor suppressors, with the most prominent and glaring one being breast cance...

BACKGROUND Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, with novel and selective mechanisms of action, have moved from the laboratory to the clinic in just the last few years. DESIGN We conducted an extensive review of PARP inhibitors using a Medline search. We also searched abstracts in databases of major international oncology meetings from the last 4 years. RESU...