Background and Objectives: Despite increasing attention toward the employee empowerment, there is little data on cognitive and psychological processes increasing, predicting, and determining the employee empowerment and the organizational variables affecting this construct, particularly in the healthcare context. To help bridging this gap, this study examined the impact of transformational lead...

This paper reviews the social scientific literature on public perception of risk. We begin with a discussion of the concept of risk and its place in the social sciences. Then we outline psychological research on cognition and emotion and how laypersons appraise uncertainty. This highlights the different ways in which experts and the public often approach risk. After this discussion we turn to t...

human beings have always experienced disasters. a disaster may be brief,but its psychological effects may last for many years. these psychological effects are increasingly well documented.disasters affect not only those immediately involved, but also those whoknow the victims. this is perhaps particularly so when the victims arechildren. commonly when adults hear news of disasters they ask firs...

with the intensification of violent terrorist operations in the world, in terms of the structural causes of terrorism has been much academic research. the active area of terrorism is not only physical variables and variable should ideological and psychological, environmental and cultural-identity also tracked. the reasons are complex and varied phenomenon of terrorism and can not cause its root...

Given the pervasiveness of language in social life and the implications that language use can have for one’s individual and collective identities, attempts were made to explore the theoretical and empirical advantages in connecting social psychological theories of identity and sociolinguistics in order to explore language and identity among second generation British Asians. This paper features ...

the prevalent communications networks suffer from lack of spectrum and spectrum inefficiency. this has motivated researchers to develop cognitive radio (cr) as a smart and dynamic radio access promised solution. a major challenge to this new technology is how to make fair assignment of available spectrum to unlicensed users, particularly for smart grids communication. this paper introduces an i...

The biomedical model of health and disease dominates in current medical practice. The model attributes key role to biological determinants and explains disease as a condition caused by external pathogens or disorders in the functions of organs and body systems. Such an approach has its historic justification and has proved effective in the control of massive infectious diseases. However, now th...

in modern world, there is a strong need and necessity for defending of religion in different ways. one of the defenses that nowadays is accepted by some people is pragmatic defense which is going to show the positive effects of religion in people's life. the present study is a pragmatic defense of religion which relies essentially on psychological function of religion. for this reason at t...