Numerous island-inhabiting species of predominantly herbaceous angiosperm genera are woody shrubs or trees. Such "insular woodiness" is strongly manifested in the genus Echium, in which the continental species of circummediterranean distribution are herbaceous, whereas endemic species of islands along the Atlantic coast of north Africa are woody perennial shrubs. The history of 37 Echium specie...

Sauvignon blanc is the most important grape cultivar within New Zealand wine industry, and wines from Marlborough region are renowned for their intense aromas including tropical, passionfruit, green capsicum. Quality usually made free run juice, although press fractions can be included. The chemical aroma composition sensory profiles of two sets three (free run, light heavy press) were compared...

Context The proportion of dioecious species can vary considerably among climates and habitats. However, studies often involve isolated communities or large diverse areas fail to capture how proportions across landscapes. Aims To identify (1) life-history associations terrestrial plant in central southern Australia, (2) whether dioecy varies spatially (3) is correlated with and/or climate factor...

Wood of Caryophyllaceae is more diverse than has been appreciated. Imperforate tracheary elements may be tracheids, fiber-tracheids, or libriform fibers. Rays may be uniseriate only, multiseriate only, or absent. Roots of some species (and sterns of a few of those same genera) have vascular tissue produced by successive cambia. The diversity in wood anatomy character states shows a range from p...

A considerable and varied microflora is introduced into passionfruit nectar base under present methods of production. In spite of the great acidity of the nectar base (pH range: 2.8 to 3.2), the high sucrose concentration (approximately 50%), and storage at -20 C, remnants of the microflora persist for a year or longer. During storage, however, there is a steady and gradual decrease, until afte...