AIM Hypotonia is a symptom of diminished tone of skeletal muscle associated with decreased resistance of muscles to passive stretching, which can be caused by abnormalities of the central nervous system, any element of the lower motoneuron, or both. Hypotonia is not a specific diagnosis, but can be part of over 500 different genetic disorders, with many other conditions waiting to be identified...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of passive mechanisms to lower extremity joint kinetics in normal walking at slow, comfortable, and fast speeds. Twenty healthy young adults participated in a passive testing protocol in which the relaxed lower limb was manipulated through full sagittal hip, knee, and ankle ranges of motion while kinematics and applied forces were si...

The goal of this study was to develop and test a sequential mediational model explaining the negative relationship of passive leadership to employee well-being. Based on role stress theory, we posit that passive leadership will predict higher levels of role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload. Invoking Conservation of Resources theory, we further hypothesize that these role stressors wil...

Oil production optimization is one of the main targets of reservoir management. Smart well technology gives the ability of real time oil production optimization. Although this technology has many advantages; optimum adjustment or sizing of corresponding valves is still an issue to be solved. In this research, optimum port sizing of inflow control devices (ICDs) which are passive control valves ...

The influence of length on work production was investigated for rat papillary muscles using the work loop technique. Active and passive length-force relationships were first determined under isometric conditions and the length for maximum force production (Lmax) was derived. Starting from different lengths within the physiological range, a series of work loops was generated using the stimulatio...

several epidemiological studies have reported that passive smoking (ps) is a public health hazard and perhaps increases the risk of heart disease. this study evaluated the relationship between female coronary heart disease and ps among married women who described themselves as non-smokers in an area of south-east iran. using household exposure to tobacco smoke as an estimate of ps, a hospitalba...