Path planning is a crucial algorithmic approach for designing robot behaviors. Sampling-based approaches, like rapidly exploring random trees (RRTs) or probabilistic roadmaps, are prominent solutions path problems. Despite its exponential convergence rate, RRT can only find suboptimal paths. On the other hand, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://ww...