Isolated radial head fractures are rare and comprise about 2% of all fractures around the elbow. Bilateral radial head fractures are even rarer and few cases have been reported. We present a case of bilateral elbow effusion in a 28-year-old male patient. An initial diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis was made but on investigation it turned out to be a case of bilateral radial head fracture. The...

One hundred and sixteen patients with 129 ununited fractures were treated either by rigid internal fixation and bone grafting or, in 14 tibial non-unions, by posterolateral bone grafting. In 37 actively infected cases this was combined with sequestrectomy and appropriate antibiotics. The final success rate was 98.4%. Technical errors or inadequate immobilisation after operation in patients with...

BACKGROUND Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) plays important roles in many biotechnological fields, including diagnostics, biosensors and biocatalysis. Often, it is used in immobilised form. With conventional immobilisation techniques, the enzyme adheres in random orientation: the active site may face the solid phase rather than bulk medium, impeding substrate access and leading to sub-optimal catal...

BACKGROUND Acute anterior dislocation, which is the most common type of shoulder dislocation, usually results from an injury. Subsequently, the shoulder is less stable and is more susceptible to re-dislocation, especially in active young adults. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2006. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of conservative interventions a...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether disruption of the p53 gene leads to preservation of trabecular bone volume (BV) after limb immobilisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tibias of immobilised hind limbs of p53 gene knockout (p53(-/-)) and wild-type (p53(+/+)) mice were compared. Right knee joints of 8 week old mice were immobilised in full extension for 7 days. Trabecular structure and bone formation ...

The integrity of the periosteum and the interosseous membrane determine the stability of fractures of the distal ulna; this is indicated by the initial displacement. In fractures displaced by less than 50% the periosteum and interosseous membranes are largely intact; these fractures are stable and require only below-elbow immobilisation for protection and relief of pain. In fractures displaced ...

PURPOSE To survey the practice of orthopaedic consultants in the Greater London area for treating Achilles tendon ruptures. METHODS 221 orthopaedic consultants working in 28 hospitals within the Greater London area were identified. A questionnaire regarding conservative treatment for acute Achilles tendon ruptures was sent. The choice of immobilisation, the period of immobilisation, the time ...

OBJECTIVES This study set out to determine whether two potential protein-sparing modulators (eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin D) would modulate the anticipated muscle functional and related blood vessels function deleterious effects of immobilisation. DESIGN The study used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. SETTING The study took part in a laboratory setting. PARTICIP...

INTRODUCTION To compare the cost-effectiveness and patient impact between acute magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) management and conventional management in the diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures in a rural setting. METHODS Consecutive patients presenting to a rural emergency department (ED) with a suspected scaphoid fracture were randomly assigned to either conventional management (6) or a...

Introduction Medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus is a common injury in childhood. There uniform agreement that minimally displaced fractures (dislocation ?2 mm) can be treated nonoperatively with immobilisation. Open fractures, joint incarceration or ulnar nerve dysfunction require surgery. no consensus treatment closed medial >2 mm dislocation without dysfunction. We hypothesise there...