Models of social conflict in animal societies generally assume that within-group conflict reduces the value of a communal resource. For many animals, however, the primary cost of conflict is increased mortality. We develop a simple inclusive fitness model of social conflict that takes this cost into account. We show that longevity substantially reduces the level of within-group conflict, which ...

in the framework of non-proliferation treaty (npt) it has been enumerated three objectives as follow: 1) peaceful use of nuclear energy; 2) non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and 3) nuclear disarmament. the writers in this article have studied and analyzed multilateral aspects of the right of peaceful use of nuclear energy, and interpretation of some npt articles (1, 2 and 4).in the conclusio...