Non-destructive Eddy current (EC) technique has long been used to detect discontinuities in materials. Recently, its application has been extended to characterize materials microstructure. In order to identify different microstructures, four plain carbon steel bars with different chemical compositions (AISI 1015, 1035, 1045 and 1080) were used in annealed condition. The pearlite percentage, car...

In this paper, the microstructural damage evolution of a steel with ferrite–pearlite microstructure (C45E) was investigated during process cold upsetting. The development and accumulation were analyzed in different areas samples that deformed at strain levels. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed various mechanisms nucleation microcavities occurred upsetting process. quantitative t...

non-destructive eddy current (ec) technique has long been used to detect discontinuities in materials. recently, its application has been extended to characterize materials microstructure. in order to identify different microstructures, four plain carbon steel bars with different chemical compositions (aisi 1015, 1035, 1045 and 1080) were used in annealed condition. the pearlite percentage, car...

The successive ferrite (α) + pearlite (P) transformations from austenite (γ) have been modeled to predict the intervention of bainite in as-forged medium-carbon manganese steels. The kinetics of the diffusional transformations were calculated based on the classical nucleation-growth theory coupled with the CALPHAD multi-component thermodynamics. The description of growth rate of proeutectoid-α ...

The response of a strong bainitic–steel to tempering at high temperatures is investigated, because a softened state is sometimes necessary during the manufacture of engineering components, prior to the final heat–treatment which hardens the material. Thermodynamic calculations conducted to determine the maximum temperature at which the steel could be annealed without forming austenite were foun...

An extremely fine, fully pearlitic structure with an interlamellar spacing 30–50 nm has been obtained during continuous cooling transformation at a rate as low as 0.1 C s, of the steel that is normally used to produce nanostructured bainite. The solutes cobalt and aluminium have been added to accelerate the rate of reaction and reduce the interlamellar spacing by increasing the free energy of t...

Addition of titanium (Ti) to ASTM A710 Grade B Cu-precipitation-strengthened steel significantly increases the impact absorbed fracture energy and reduces the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. The effect of Ti correlates with the reduction of the amount of pearlite in the ferritic microstructure. A thorough study of the mechanical properties of Ti-modified A 710-B steel is presented.