Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users. For evaluating and modifying pedestrian safety in unsignalized crosswalks,the first important issue is to identify and explore factors affecting the interaction behavior of pedestrians andvehicles in conflict areas. By analyzing those factors and determining how they affect road user's behavior, we canrepresent the plans and proc...

The main focus of this paper is on the human induced forces. Almost all existing force models for this type of load (defined either in the time or frequency domain) are developed from the assumption of perfect periodicity of the force and are based on force measurements conducted on rigid (i.e. high frequency) surfaces. To verify the different authors conclusions the vertical pressure measureme...

A driving simulator study was conducted to test the influence of Collision Avoidance Warning System on drivers’ performance. Perceptual load on the road (e.g., vehicles’ congestion) and its sides (e.g., pedestrians’ number) were manipulated, while critical events occurred on the road (e.g., a leading car suddenly slowed down) or initiated from its sides (e.g., a pedestrian crossed the road unex...

The last few decades new trends in the design of pedestrian bridges have resulted lighter and more slender structures. This leads to a reduction natural frequencies increased flexibility, thus greater possibility for structures become exposed excessive vibrations caused by pedestrians. lager amplitudes occur if pace frequency excitation load approaches one footbridge. vibration high proportions...

A new mechanical leg has been designed and developed for use in impact tests simulating pedestrian accidents. The leg has been developed to be part of a new, 50th percentile male pedestrian dummy called Polar. The leg incorporates a knee that has the essential anthropomorphic features of a 50th percentile male knee and a deformable tibia. The leg has been designed to be biofidelic under lateral...

Walking, as an important transportation mode, plays a large part in urban transportation systems. This mode is of great importance for planners and decision-makers because of its impact on environmental and health aspects of communities. However, this mode is so complex in nature that makes it difficult to study or model. On the other hand, chaos theory studies complex dynamical nonlinear syste...

a pedestrian is every person who is walking, especially along or the width of a street or other place used by cars. growth, development and industrialization of societies, threatens the safety of pedestrians. increase and acceleration of vehicles and traffic, lack of road and street standards, weakness of laws or inappropriate executive guarantees, causing to insecurity and incidence of physica...