—S —E —L A growing body of developmental research on bullying (i.e., ridicule, intimidation, and exclusion) focuses predominately on either the perpetrators or victims of bullying. Although the critical role of onlookers or bystanders is recognized especially by intervention approaches (e.g., Olweus, 1994; Olweus & Limber, 1999; Salmivalli, 2002; Salmivalli & Voeten, 2004), little has been writ...

Social influence--individuals' tendency to conform to the beliefs and attitudes of others--has interested psychologists for decades. However, it has traditionally been difficult to distinguish true modification of attitudes from mere public compliance with social norms; this study addressed this challenge using functional neuroimaging. Participants rated the attractiveness of faces and subseque...

This study evaluated perceptions of same-sex and opposite-sex gender-specific versus gender-nonspecific drinking norms among college students (115 men, 111 women). This research is consistent with previous findings that college students overestimate the quantity and frequency of drinking among their gender-nonspecific peers and demonstrates that both men and women overestimate the quantity and ...

The morbidity and mortality associated with cigarette smoking is shifting from the developed world to developing countries, especially developing Arab countries. One such country is Egypt, which has the highest rate of tobacco consumption in the Arab world. To curb the rising smoking epidemic in Egypt, appropriate adolescent smoking prevention programs need to be developed. Most of the effectiv...

Communicating about actions to address climate change is critical mobilize collective actions, and enact policies for mitigation (prevention) adaptation change. The current study assessed factors associated with action (CCA) communications in the US. Respondents were recruited through Prolific, an online survey research platform. sample was restricted 599 respondents who reported that issue of ...

. In this paper we address the problem of collective norms, and discuss two action logics for that purpose. The first action logic is based on the action modality Ei, where expressions of the form Eip are read as ‘agent brings about (sees to it) that ’. This operator relates an agent with the effects of his action, and abstracts away details of the specific actions. We will show that this abstr...

Although peer norms have been found to be a particularly strong correlate of alcohol consumption by college students, research suggests that parents also have a significant impact on the behaviors of their children, even after their child has departed for college. The current study investigated the effect of disparity between the perceived approval of alcohol (injunctive norms) of parents and c...

Although past research has demonstrated a positive relationship between collective identification and normative conformity, there may be circumstances in which strongly identified members do not conform but instead choose to challenge group norms. This article proposes a normative conflict model, which distinguishes between nonconformity due to dissent (challenging norms to change them) and non...

BACKGROUND The Social Norms Approach, with its focus on positive behaviour and its consensus orientation, is a health promotion intervention of relevance to the context of a Health Promoting University. In particular, the approach could assist with addressing excessive alcohol consumption. AIM This article aims to discuss the link between the Social Norms Approach and the Health Promoting Uni...

INTRODUCTION Research conducted in North America suggests that students tend to overestimate tobacco use among their peers. This perceived norm may impact personal tobacco use. It remains unclear how these perceptions influence tobacco use among European students. The two aims were to investigate possible self-other discrepancies regarding personal use and attitudes towards use and to evaluate ...