the essential role of reading can be overlooked neither in the native nor in the second or foreign language. reading skill is an important asset in the process of literacy as well as a means of extending one's knowledge, however, teaching reading involves unique problems and challenges at all conceivable levels of instruction. focusing on teaching english to children, practitioners complai...

purpose: to compare the complications of pegging between the polycarbonate peg system and the titanium peg system. method: complications associated with pegging (polycarbonate: bio-eye or titanium: dr-perry new p-k) were reviewed from the hospital records of 153 patients over 5 years. results: out of 153 cases, 96 (62.3%) were male and 57 (37.7%) were female. mean age was 27.7 yr (6-59 yr). in ...

Novel propargyl-ended heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives with hydroxyl, carboxyl, mercapto or hydrazide end groups were synthesized with simplicity yet high efficiency. PEG (Mw = 3500 Da) with an α-hydroxyl group and an ω-carboxyl was used as the starting polymer. The carboxyl group of the bifunctional PEG was modified into a propargyl, then carboxyl, mercapto or hydrazi...

Feeding via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred form of alimentation when oral feeding is impossible. Although it is a relatively safe method, some complications may occur. One uncommon PEG complication is buried bumper syndrome. In this paper we report a case of buried bumper syndrome, successfully managed with PEG tube repositioning.

a facile and simple method was proposed to control the size and shape of the mgo nano structures with high surface area in the presence of efficient and cheap templates like peg 200, peg 600, peg 4000 and sorbitol at low temperature within a little time. nano rods and nanoparticles have been achieved by applying these templates and altering other growth parameters. the products were characteriz...

The distribution and excretion of I-PEG-rhIL-6 in rats were investigated by I isotope tracing method. Results showed that the concentration in the brain is lowest and highest in plasma 8 h post-injection. The results indicated that the blood was the main site of action of I-PEG-rhIL-6, which provides a basis for PEG-rhIL-6 treating of thrombocytopenia.

We report a new method to create a biofunctional surface in which the accessibility of a ligand is used as a means to influence the cell behavior. Supported bioactive bilayer membranes were created by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition of either a pure poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) lipid, having PEG head groups of various lengths, or 50 mol % binary mixtures of a PEG lipid and a novel collagen-lik...

In this work, we hypothesize that a surface modified with both polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hirudin may provide a non-fouling, thrombin-neutralizing surface suitable for blood contacting applications. With gold as a model substrate we used two different approaches to the preparation of such a surface: (1) a "direct" method in which PEG was conjugated to hirudin and the conjugate was then immob...

BACKGROUND [color=black]Bowel preparation is an important factor for an optimal outcome of colonoscopy. Recently, polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution has been in common use for bowel cleansing for colonoscopy, but some patients are intolerant of PEG because of taste or volume. A low-volume PEG administered with ascorbic acid solution (PEG-Asc) was designed to improve tolerability, but the admini...

9-nitrocamptothecin (9-nc) is a semisynthetic and a low soluble analogue of camptothecin alkaloids that target nuclear enzyme topoisomerase i. the unstable lactone form of 9-nc in biological fluids requires for its cytotoxic activity. to improve aqueous solubility and stability in biological media, 9-nc was loaded in polymeric nanoparticles. in this paper, we studied the effect of peg percent (...