many properties of chemicals depend on their stereochemistry. among these, the effects of stereoisomerism on percutaneous absorption of drugs are not well studied. we have previously shown that permeation of tretinoin and isotretinoin (two geometric isomers) through hydrophilic enhancers-treated rat skin is stereoselective. as, depending on their lipophilicity, penetration enhancers can change ...

QSAR models for four skin penetration enhancer data sets of 61, 44, 42, and 17 compounds were constructed using classic QSAR descriptors and 4D-fingerprints. Three data sets involved skin penetration enhancement of hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone acetate. The other data set involved skin penetration enhancement of fluorouracil. The measure of penetration enhancement is the ratio of the net pe...

Topical corticosteroids have long been the chronic stage in the treatment of steroid responsive dermatitis. Creams containing 0.05% w/w Clobetasol-17-propionate (CP) as active ingredient are categorized as super potent class I topical dermatological corticosteroids. For the drug molecule to reach the cutaneous microcirculation, enhance, the systemic circulation, have to transverse both the lipo...

the purpose of the present study was to explore the passive and electrically assisted transdermal transport of granisetron hydrochloride (gra) in solution and gel formulation through iontophoresis and also the feasibility of delivering therapeutic amounts of drug for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. in this study, iontophoretic permeation of gra through guinea pig skin...

Natural oils are commonly used in topical pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifiers, stabilizers or solubility enhancers. They are presented as safe and inert components, mainly used for formulation purposes. It is confirmed that natural oils can affect the skin penetration of various substances. Fatty acids are mainly responsible for this effect. Current understanding lacks reliable scientifi...

BACKGROUND Technosphere Insulin (TI) is a novel inhalation powder for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Technosphere Insulin delivers insulin with an ultra rapid pharmacokinetic profile that is distinctly different from all other insulin products but similar to natural insulin release. Such rapid absorption is often associated with penetration enhancers that disrupt cellular integrity. METH...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different penetration enhancers, containing essential fatty acids (EFAs), on the transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen. Evening primrose oil (EPO), vitamin F, and Pheroid technology all contain fatty acids and were compared using a cream-based formulation. This selection was to ascertain whether EFAs solely, or EFAs in a Pheroid delivery sys...

(3, 7, 11-trimethyldodecyl ) azacycloheptan-2-one (7FS), l-geranylgeranylazacycloheptan-2-one (7GGU), and 1-geranylgeranylazacyclohexan-2-one (6GGU), on percutaneous penetration of mitomycin C (MMC) through rat skin in vitro were investigated in comparison with those of 1farnesylazacycloheptan-2-one (7FU) and 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) . In an in vitro diffusion experiment, 6GU, 7GS,...

BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Sertraline hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor principally used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. To maintain the therapeutic plasma drug concentration of the drug for prolonged period, the transdermal drug delivery has been chosen as an alternative route of drug delivery. The pharmacokinetic properties of sertraline hyd...