The raphe of the human penis and scrotum is considered to develop secondarily after disappearance of the initial midline seam by fusion of the bilateral genital folds. However, the fetal development was still obscure. We examined histological sections of 30 fetuses (17 males and 13 females) at 10-15 weeks. In male fetuses, the scrotum was not yet clearly identified because of no descent of test...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify imaging markers for genuine stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse by using magnetic resonance imaging and reconstructed 3-dimensional models. STUDY DESIGN Thirty women were studied, 10 with prolapse, 10 with genuine stress incontinence, and 10 asymptomatic volunteers. Axial and sagittal T1 and T2 weighted pelvic magnetic resonance scans ...

Yonishaithilya is a common gynecological problem of women contemporary era which has very important impact on female’s sexual function. This must not be taken lightly as they can adversely affect the quality woman’s life. As per Brihatrayi, represents symptom Mahayoni Yonivyapada, Vatala Phalini Yonivyapada and Karnini separate disease. Etiology, sign, symptoms treatment resembles with perineal...

• Vol 10 • July 2008 Perineal Massage to Prevent Perineal Trauma Perineal trauma is defined as any damage to the genitalia occurring during childbirth, either spontaneously or because of a surgical incision or episiotomy [1,2]. A large British study showed that 85% of women delivering vaginally will sustain some form of perineal trauma [3]. Over two-thirds of such women will require suturing. G...

Isolated perineal burns are rare and so are perineal contractures. Perineal contractures may however lead to intestinal obstruction, which is a more life-threatening complication. A six-yr-old boy presented with chronic intestinal obstruction following isolated perineal contracture due to a deliberate perineal burn injury to treat a febrile convulsion. The obstruction was successfully relieved ...

PURPOSE Treatment of descending perineal syndrome is focused on personal etiology and on improving symptoms. However, the etiology of increased perineal descent (PD) is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with increased resting and dynamic PD in women. METHODS From January 2004 to August 2010, defecographic findings in 201 female patients were r...

BACKGROUND Many women suffer from perineal trauma during the normal vaginal delivery. Perineal trauma is mainly associated with pain and complications after the childbirth. Perineal management techniques can play a significant role in perineal trauma reduction. This study aimed to compare the effects of perineal management techniques (hands-off technique, Ritgen maneuver and perineal massage us...