Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread diseases known. It can begin in childhood and progress through adolescence into adult life, eventually resulting in tooth loss. This article identifies the features of periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis in children and adolescents. Periodontal assessment, diagnosis and management in younger patients are also described.

The interrelationship between periodontal and endodontic disease has always aroused confusion, queries, and controversy. Differentiating between a periodontal and an endodontic problem can be difficult. A symptomatic tooth may have pain of periodontal and/or pulpal origin. The nature of that pain is often the first clue in determining the etiology of such a problem. Radiographic and clinical ev...

OBJECTIVE Periodontal pathogens in dental plaque are the main causative agents of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Detection of the presence of such periodontal pathogens early would serve as a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the periodontal pathogen levels in saliva were correlated with the periodont...

Periodontitis, an infectious disease caused by bacteria, brings about destructive changes leading to loss of bone and connective tissue attachment (Williams, 1990). Several oral bacteria are considered to be possible pathogens in periodontitis (Darveau et al., 1997). In particular, the black-pigmented, Gram-negative anaerobic rods Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia have been impl...

A seven years old boy visited our clinic with a periodontal problem related to an erupting lower molar. The tooth showed a 15 mm deep periodontal pocket on the buccal aspect. A microbiologic DNA-test excluded a periodontal origin. The treatment consisted in a local antimicrobial therapy with cleaning and filling up of the pocket with Atridox. Two years after therapy the pocket completely disapp...

Periodontal Screening and Recording trade mark (PSR) is a diagnostic screening tool for the early detection of periodontal disease. The purposes of this study are to utilize PSR to estimate the periodontal health status of a representative military population and to compare the results with other studies of varying populations. When used to evaluate the periodontal health of a randomly-selected...

Background: For decades, it was suspected that diabetes contributed to poorer oral health and the increased frequency of periodontitis. More recently it was found that periodontitis could adversely affect glycemic control in diabetics. The aim of this study was to compare periodontal parameters with the metabolic sugar levels of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods: I...

Traditional clinical measurements such as probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss; plaque index and radiographs used for periodontal diagnosis are often of limited usefulness as they are indicators of previous periodontal disease rather than present disease activity. A literature search was carried out to find out all the available tests that indicate periodontal dis...

Background & Aims: Metabolic syndrome is composed of interrelated cardiovascular and cardiometabolic risk factors. Moreover, recent researches have illustrated the association of systemic diseases and periodontitis. Thus, the early diagnosis of this syndrome, as a cardiometabolic risk factor, seems necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients...